ܝܠܕܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِيَال (ʕiyāl, “children”). The form ܝܲܠܕܵܐ (yaldā) is a semantic matching with Classical Syriac, and may be considered a separate word as a learned borrowing from Classical Syriac. This written form displaced the early form ܐܝܵܠܵܐ (īyālā) written in early 17-18th century texts. This as such accounts for an initial /ʔ/ still maintained in some dialects, and has largely displaced the native ܝܲܠܘܼܕ݂ܵܐ (yalūḏā).

Alternative forms

• (archaic) ܐܝܵܠܵܐ (īyālā)

Pronunciation

• ܝܲܠܕܵܐ:
  • (Standard) IPA^(key): [jal.dɑː]
  • (Urmia) IPA^(key): [jal.dɑː]
• ܝܵܠܵܕ݇ܐ:
  • (Urmia) IPA^(key): [jɑːlɑː]

Noun

ܝܲܠܕܵܐ or ܝܵܠܵܕ݇ܐ • (yaldā or yālā) m (plural ܝܲܠܕܹ̈ܐ (yaldē), feminine ܝܲܠܕܬܵܐ (yaldtā))

1. a boy, male child

   ܐܝܼܡܲܢ ܕܟܹܐ ܪܵܒ݂ܹܐ، ܝܲܠܕܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܦܵܐܹܫ ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ. ― īman d-kē rāḇē, yaldā bit pāˀēš gaḇrā. ― When he grows up, the boy will become a man.

2. (in the plural) children, descendants, offspring, brood

   ܟܡܵܐ ܝܲܠܕܹ̈ܐ ܐܝܼܬ݂ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ؟ ― kmā yaldē īṯ lāwḵōn? ― How many children do you have?

Usage notes

• The plural is used to refer to children or offspring of mixed or indifferent sex while ܒܢܘܿܢܹ̈ܐ (bnōnē) is used to specify male offspring.
• This word is masculine and refers to children of either sex. A feminine form does not exist in many dialects, but in some dialects the word ܝܲܠܕܬܵܐ (yaldtā) is used to refer to girls instead. Thus, in these dialects that employ a feminine form, the masculine singular form is strictly for a male child.

Inflection

Inflection of ܝܲܠܕܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܝܲܠܕܝܼ (yaldī)		ܝܲܠܕܲܢ (yaldan)
	construct	ܝܼܠܸܕ݂ (īliḏ)		2nd person	ܝܲܠܕܘܼܟ݂ (yaldūḵ)	ܝܲܠܕܵܟ݂ܝ (yaldāḵ)	ܝܲܠܕܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (yaldāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܝܲܠܕܵܐ (yaldā)		3rd person	ܝܲܠܕܹܗ (yaldēh)	ܝܲܠܕܵܗ̇ (yaldāh)	ܝܲܠܕܗܘܿܢ (yaldhōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܝܲܠܕܝܼ̈ (yaldī)		ܝܲܠܕܲܢ̈ (yaldan)
	construct	ܝܲܠܕܲܝ̈ (yalday)		2nd person	ܝܲܠܕܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (yaldūḵ)	ܝܲܠܕܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (yaldāḵ)	ܝܲܠܕܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (yaldāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܝܲܠܕܹ̈ܐ (yaldē)		3rd person	ܝܲܠܕܘܼ̈ܗܝ (yaldūh)	ܝܲܠܕ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (yaldōh)	ܝܲܠܕܗ̈ܘܿܢ (yaldhōn)

Synonyms

• ܒܪܘܿܢܵܐ (brōnā, “son”), ܫܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (šaḇrā, “child”), ܥܠܲܝܡܵܐ (ˁlaymā, “youth”)

Etymology 2

Root
ܘ ܠ ܕ (w l d)
10 terms

Inherited from Aramaic יַלְדָּא (yalədā), from Proto-Semitic *walad-; compare Arabic وَلَد (walad), Hebrew יֶלֶד (yéled) and Persian یلدا (yaldâ).

Noun

ܝܲܠܕܵܐ • (yaldā) m (plural ܝܲܠܕܹ̈ܐ (yaldē))

1. birth, childbirth, delivery, nativity

Derived terms

• ܒܹܝܬ݂ ܝܲܠܕܵܐ (bēṯ yaldā, “birthday, Christmas”)

Proper noun

ܝܲܠܕܵܐ • (yaldā) m

1. a male given name
2. a surname transferred from the given name

Derived terms

• ܝܲܠܕܘܿ (yaldō) (diminutive)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Persian يلدا, itself originally an Aramaic borrowing from the above term.

Proper noun

ܝܲܠܕܵܐ • (yaldā) f

1. Yalda (Iranian festival celebrated during the winter solstice)
2. a female given name, Yalda, from Persian

Classical Syriac

Etymology

Root
ܘ ܠ ܕ
7 terms

From Proto-Semitic *walad-. Compare Arabic وَلَد (walad) and Hebrew יֶלֶד (yéleḏ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈjal.dɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈjal.dɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈjɑl.do]

Noun

ܝܠܕܐ • (yaldā) m (plural ܝܠܕܐ (yaldē))

1. birth, childbirth, delivery, nativity
2. birthday
3. (astrology) horoscope
4. offspring, brood
5. (in the plural) children, descendants
6. descent, generation
7. inhabitant, resident
8. produce, fruit
   • Peshitta, Matthew 26:29:

     ܐܡܪ ܐܢܐ ܠܟܘܢ ܕܝܢ: ܕܠܐ ܐܫܬܐ ܡܢ ܗܫܐ ܡܢ ܗܢܐ ܝܠܕܐ ܕܓܦܬܐ: ܥܕܡܐ ܠܝܘܡܐ ܕܒܗ ܐܫܬܝܘܗܝ ܥܡܟܘܢ ܚܕܬܐ. ܒܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܕܐܒܝ.

     ʾāmar [ʾĕ]nā ləḵōn dên, də-lā ʾeštē men hāšā men hānā yaldā ḏa-ḡəp̄ettā, ʿəḏammā lə-yawmā ḏə-ḇēh ʾeštīw[hy] ʿamḵōn ḥa[d]ṯā bə-malkūṯēh ḏə-ʾāḇ[y]

     But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.

Inflection

Inflection of ܝܠܕܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܝܠܕ		1st person	ܝܠܕܝ		ܝܠܕܢ
	construct	ܝܠܕ		2nd person	ܝܠܕܟ	ܝܠܕܟܝ	ܝܠܕܟܘܢ	ܝܠܕܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܝܠܕܐ		3rd person	ܝܠܕܗ	ܝܠܕܗ	ܝܠܕܗܘܢ	ܝܠܕܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܝܠܕܝܢ		1st person	ܝܠܕܝ		ܝܠܕܝܢ
	construct	ܝܠܕܝ		2nd person	ܝܠܕܝܟ	ܝܠܕܝܟܝ	ܝܠܕܝܟܘܢ	ܝܠܕܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܝܠܕܐ		3rd person	ܝܠܕܘܗܝ	ܝܠܕܝܗ	ܝܠܕܝܗܘܢ	ܝܠܕܝܗܝܢ

Descendants

• → Persian: یلدا (yaldâ)

References

• “yld”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-05-08
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 140b-141a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 192a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 573a-b