کتاب

See also: كتاب, كباب, کباب, and كناب

Azerbaijani

Noun

کتاب (kitab) (definite accusative کتابی (kitabı), plural کتابلار (kitablar))

1. Arabic spelling of kitab (“book”)

Declension

Declension of کتاب

	singular	plural
nominative	کتاب	کتابلار
definite accusative	کتابێ	کتابلارێ
dative	کتابا	کتابلارا
locative	کتابدا	کتابلاردا
ablative	کتابدان	کتابلاردان
definite genitive	کتابێن	کتابلارێن

Khalaj

Noun

کِتاب (kitâb) (definite accusative کِتابؽ, plural کِتابلار)

1. Arabic spelling of kitâb (“book”)

Declension

Declension of کتاب

	singular	plural
nominative	کتاب	کتابلار
genitive	کتابؽݧ	کتابلارؽݧ
dative	کتابقا	کتابلارقا
definite accusative	کتابؽ	کتابلارؽ
locative	کتابچا	کتابلارچا
ablative	کتابدا	کتابلاردا
instrumental	کتابلا	کتابلارلا
equative	کتابوارا	کتابلاروارا

Pashto

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-West Semitic *katab-

Arabic ك ت ب (k t b)

Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb)bor.

Classical Persian کِتَاب (kitāb)bor.

Pashto کِتَاب

Borrowed from Classical Persian کِتَاب (kitāb), borrowed from Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb), from ك ت ب (k t b), from Proto-West Semitic *katab-. Compare the Hebrew root כ־ת־ב (k-t-b).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɪt̪.ɑb/
• IPA^(key): /ki.t̪ɑb/

Noun

کتاب • (kitâb) f (plural کتابونه (kitâbuna))

1. book

Declension

declension of کتاب

	singular		plural
direct	کتاب (kitâb)		کتابونه (kitâbuna)
oblique	کتاب (kitâb)		کتابونو (kitâbuno)
vocative	کتابه (kitâba)		کتابونو (kitâbuno)

Persian

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-West Semitic *katab-

Arabic ك ت ب (k t b)

Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb)bor.

Persian کِتَاب

Borrowed from Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb), from ك ت ب (k t b), from Proto-West Semitic *katab-.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ki.ˈtɑːβ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰi.t̪ʰɔ́ːb̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʲe.t̪ʰɒ́ːb̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰi.t̪ʰɔ́b]

Readings
Classical reading?	kitāḇ
Dari reading?	kitāb
Iranian reading?	ketâb
Tajik reading?	kitob

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	کتاب
Iranian Persian
Tajik	китоб

کِتاب • (ketâb) (plural کتب (kotob) or کتاب‌ها (ketâb-hâ))

1. book

   خیلی از این کتاب‌ها را خوانده‌ام.

   xeyli az in ketâb-hâ râ xânde-am.

   I have read many of these books.

Declination

Possessive forms of کتاب (kitāb)
	singular	plural
1st person singular (“my”)	کتابم (kitābam)	کتاب‌هایم (kitāb-hā́yam) کتابایم △ (kitābā́ym)
2nd person singular (“your”)	کتابت (kitābat)	کتاب‌هایت (kitāb-hā́yat) کتابایت △ (kitābā́yt)
3rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	کتابش (kitābaš) کتابشِی △ (kitābšī)	کتاب‌هایش (kitāb-hā́yaš) کتابایش △ (kitābā́yš)
1st plural (“our”)	کتابمان (kitābimān) کتابما △ (kitābimā)	کتاب‌هایمان (kitāb-hā́yimān) کتابایما △ (kitābā́ymā)
2nd plural (“your”)	کتابتان (kitābitān)	کتاب‌هایتان (kitāb-hā́yitān) کتابایتان △ (kitābā́ytān)
3rd plural (“their”)	کتابشان (kitābišān)	کتاب‌هایشان (kitāb-hā́yišān) کتابایشان △ (kitābā́yšān)
△ Colloquial.

Possessive forms of کتاب (ketâb)
	singular	plural
1st person singular (“my”)	کتابم (ketâbam)	کتاب‌هایم (ketâb-hấyam) کتاب‌هام، کتابام △ (ketâbấm)
2nd person singular (“your”)	کتابت (ketâbat) [Term?] △ (ketâbet)	کتاب‌هایت (ketâb-hấyat) کتاب‌هات، کتابات △ (ketâbất)
3rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	کتابش (ketâbaš) [Term?] △ (ketâbeš)	کتاب‌هایش (ketâb-hấyaš) کتاب‌هاش، کتاباش △ (ketâbấš)
1st plural (“our”)	کتابمان (ketâbemân) کتابمون △ (ketâbemun)	کتاب‌هایمان (ketâb-hấyemân) کتاب‌هامون، کتابامون △ (ketâbấmun)
2nd plural (“your”)	کتابتان (ketâbetân) کتابتون △ (ketâbetun)	کتاب‌هایتان (ketâb-hấyetân) کتاب‌هاتون، کتاباتون △ (ketâbấtun)
3rd plural (“their”)	کتابشان (ketâbešân) کتابشون △ (ketâbešun)	کتاب‌هایشان (ketâb-hấyešân) کتاب‌هاشون، کتاباشون △ (ketâbấšun)
△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

• کتابخانه (ketâbxâne)
• کتابدار (ketâbdâr)
• کتابچه (ketâbče)
• کتاب‌فروش (ketâb-foruš)
• کتاب‌فروشی (ketâb-foruši)

 

Related terms

• مکتب (maktab)
• کتبی (katbi)
• کتبی (kotobi)

 

Descendants

• → Assamese: কিতাপ (kitap)
  • → Atong (India): kitap
• → Bengali: কিতাব (kitab)
• → Gujarati: કિતાબ (kitāb)
• → Old Hindi: कतेब (kateba)
• → Northern Luri: کتۋ (ketü)
• → Maithili:

  Devanagari script: किताप (kitāp), किताब (kitāb)

  Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒱𑒞𑒰𑒣 (kitāpa), 𑒏𑒱𑒞𑒰𑒥 (kitāba)

• → Naga Pidgin: kitab
• → Nepali: किताब (kitāb, “book”), किताप (kitāp, “book”)
  • Dzongkha: ཀི་ཏབ (ki tab, “book, notebook”)
• → Odia: କିତାବ (kitāba)
• → Old Punjabi: ਕਤੇਬ (kateba)
  • Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਕਿਤਾਬ (kitāb)

    Shahmukhi script: کِتاب (kitāb)

• → Sindhi:

  Arabic script: ڪِتابُ

  Devanagari script: किताबु

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic كُتَّاب (kuttāb).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [kut.ˈtɑːβ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʊt̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʊt̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰʊt̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰut̪.t̪ʰɔ́ːb̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰot̪.t̪ʰɒ́ːb̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰut̪.t̪ʰɔ́b]

Readings
Classical reading?	kuttāḇ
Dari reading?	kuttāb
Iranian reading?	kottâb
Tajik reading?	kuttob

Noun

Dari	کتاب
Iranian Persian
Tajik	куттоб

کُتّاب • (kottâb)

1. plural of کاتِب (kâteb)

Punjabi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-West Semitic *katab-

Arabic ك ت ب (k t b)

Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb)bor.

Classical Persian کِتَاب (kitāb)bor.

Punjabi کِتَاب (kitāb)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کِتَاب (kitāb), borrowed from Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb), from ك ت ب (k t b), from Proto-West Semitic *katab-. First attested as Old Punjabi ਕਤੇਬ (kateba).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): [kɪ.täːbᵊ]
• Hyphenation: کِ‧تَاب

Noun

کِتَاب • (kitāb) f (plural کُتُب, Gurmukhi spelling ਕਿਤਾਬ)

1. book

Declension

Declension of کتاب
dir. sg.	کِتَاب (kitāb)
dir. pl.	کِتَاباں (kitābāṉ)
	singular	plural
direct	کِتَاب (kitāb)	کِتَاباں (kitābāṉ)
oblique	کِتَاب (kitāb)	کِتَاباں (kitābāṉ)
vocative	کِتَابے (kitābe)	کِتَابو (kitābo)
ablative	کِتَابوں (kitāboṉ)	کِتَاباں (kitābāṉ)
locative	کِتَابی (kitābī)	کِتَابِیں (kitābīṉ)
instrumental	کِتَابِیں (kitābīṉ)	کِتَابے (kitābe)

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “کِتاب”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
• Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “کتاب”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
• “ਕਿਤਾਬ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024

Urdu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-West Semitic *katab-

Arabic ك ت ب (k t b)

Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb)bor.

Classical Persian کِتَاب (kitāb)bor.

Urdu کِتَاب (kitāb)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کِتَاب (kitāb), borrowed from Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb), from ك ت ب (k t b), from Proto-West Semitic *katab-. Displaced Old Hindi कतेब (kateba), borrowed from the same term. Compare Punjabi کتاب (kitāb), Sindhi ڪِتابُ (kitābu).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /kɪ.t̪ɑːb/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːb

Noun

کِتاب • (kitāb) f (Hindi spelling किताब)

1. book

Declension

Declension of کتاب
	singular	plural
direct	کِتَاب (kitāb)	کِتَابیں (kitābẽ)
oblique	کِتَاب (kitāb)	کِتَابوں (kitābõ)
vocative	کِتَاب (kitāb)	کِتَابو (kitābo)

Further reading

• “کتاب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “کتاب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “کتاب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “کتاب”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Ushojo

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-West Semitic *katab-

Arabic ك ت ب (k t b)

Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb)bor.

Classical Persian کِتَاب (kitāb)bor.

Urdu کِتَاب (kitāb)bor.

Ushojo کِتَاب

Borrowed from Urdu کِتَاب (kitāb).

Noun

کتاب (kitāb)

1. book