پنجره
See also: تنجره
Ottoman Turkish
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Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Persian پنجره (panjere, “window, lattice”).
Noun
[edit]پنجره • (pencere) (definite accusative پنجره‌یی (pencereyi), plural پنجره‌لر (pencereler))
Declension
[edit]declension of پنجره
| singular (مفرد) | plural (جمع) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | پنجره (pencere) | پنجره‌لر (pencereler) |
| genitive | پنجره‌نڭ (pencereniñ) | پنجره‌لرڭ (pencereleriñ) |
| dative | پنجره‌یه (pencereye) | پنجره‌لره (pencerelere) |
| definite accusative | پنجره‌یی (pencereyi) | پنجره‌لری (pencereleri) |
| locative | پنجره‌ده (pencerede) | پنجره‌لرده (pencerelerde) |
| ablative | پنجره‌دن (pencereden) | پنجره‌لر‌دن (pencerelerden) |
Derived terms
[edit]- جاملو پنجره (camlı pencere, “glass window”)
- دوردول پنجره (dördül pencere, “square window”)
- طوان پنجره‌سی (tavan penceresi, “dormer-window”)
- قفسلی پنجره (kafesli pencere, “lattice window”)
- پرمقلو پنجره (parmaklı pencere, “grilled window”)
- پنجره آچلمق (pencere açilmak, “for a window, to be opened”)
- پنجره اچمق (pencere açmak, “to open a window”)
- پنجره بكجیسی (pencere bekcisi, “shameless person”, literally “window guard”)
- پنجره خرسزی (pencere hırsızı, “shameless person”, literally “window thief”)
- چیچكلو پنجره (çiçekli pencere, “half-opened window”)
- یر پنجره‌سی (yer penceresi, “spiracle”)
Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: pencere
- → Abkhaz: аԥенџьыр (apendžər)
- → Albanian: penxhere
- → Crimean Tatar: pencere
- → Macedonian: пенџер (pendžer), пенџере (pendžere)
- → Serbo-Croatian: пенџер, pendžer
Further reading
[edit]- Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “پنجره”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 410
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “pencere”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3818
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “پنجره”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[2], Vienna: F. Beck, page 127a
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “پنجره”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 324
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Fenestra”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[4], Vienna, column 561
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “پنجره”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[5], Vienna, column 895
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “pencere”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “پنجره”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 454
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Sanskrit पिञ्जर (piñjara, “cage, skeleton”), itself from Sanskrit पञ्जर (pañjara).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [pan.d͡ʒa.ɾa]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [pʰæn.d͡ʒæ.ɹe]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [pʰän.d͡ʒä.ɾä]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | panjara |
| Dari reading? | panjara |
| Iranian reading? | panjare |
| Tajik reading? | panjara |
Noun
[edit]| Dari | کلکین |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | پنجره |
| Tajik | тиреза |
پَنْجَرِه • (panjere) (plural پنجره‌ها (panjere-hâ))
- (now especially Iran) window, lattice
- پنجره رو باز کردم ولی هوا هنوز خیلی گرمه.
- panjere ro bâz kardam vali havâ hanuz xeyli garm-e.
- I opened the window but it's still very hot.
Inflection
[edit]| Basic forms of پنجره (panjere) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| bare | پنجره (panjeré) |
پنجره‌ها (panjere-hấ) پنجره‌ا △ (panjereấ) |
| definitive direct object | پنجره را (panjeré râ) پنجره رو △ (panjerá ro) |
پنجره‌ها را (panjere-hấ râ) پنجره‌ا رو △ (panjereấ ro) |
| ezâfe | پنجرهٔ (panjeré-ye) |
پنجره‌های (panjere-hấ-ye) پنجره‌ای △ (panjereấ-ye) |
| marked indefinite or relative definite |
پنجره‌ای (panjeré-i) |
پنجره‌هایی (panjere-hấ-yi) پنجره‌ایی △ (panjereấ-yi) |
| △ Colloquial. | ||
Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: pəncərə
- → Gagauz: pencerä
- → Georgian: ფანჯარა (panǯara)
- → Khalaj: pəncərə
- → Middle Armenian: փանջարայ (pʻanǰaray), փանճարայ (pʻančaray)
- Armenian: փանջարա (pʻanǰara)
- → Ottoman Turkish: پنجره (pencere)
- → Turkmen: penjire
References
[edit]- ^ Monchi-Zadeh, Davoud (1990) Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft (Acta Iranica; 29)[1] (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 106 Nr. 308 fn. 133