شنیدن

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Persian

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Etymology

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From Middle Persian [Term?] (/⁠âšnūdan⁠/, to hear, understand),[1] from Proto-Iranian *ā- + *xšnaw- (to hear; to sharpen the ears). The prefix is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (at), while the root is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšnaw-, from Proto-Indo-European *ksnew- (to scrape, sharpen).[2] Compare Central Kurdish ژنفتن (žiniftin) (in Sanandaj), Zazaki eşnawitiş (to hear), Northern Luri ٸشنںفتن (ešnaften).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? šinīḏan, šunīḏan
Dari reading? šinīdan, šunīdan
Iranian reading? šenidan, šonidan
Tajik reading? šunidan
  • Audio (Iran):(file)

Verb

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Dari شنیدن
Iranian Persian
Tajik шунидан

شنیدن (šenidan) (present stem شنو (šenow, šonow))

  1. to hear
    دیدم و نشنیدمشان
    didam o na-šenidam-ešan.
    I saw and didn't hear them.
    • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی, volume III, verse 69:
      آن شنیدی تو که در هندوستان
      دید دانایی گروهی دوستان
      ān šunīdī ki dar hindūstān
      dīd dānāyē gurōhē dōstān
      Have you heard that in Hindustan,
      A wise man saw a group of friends?
      (Classical Persian transliteration)
  2. to listen
    Synonyms: گوش کردن (guš kardan), گوش دادن (guš dâdan), نیوشیدن (niyušidan)
  3. to smell
    Synonym: بوییدن (buyidan)
    • c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 322”, in دیوان حافظ[1]:
      ز کوی یار بیار ای نسیم صبح غباری
      که بوی خون دل ریش از آن تراب شنیدم
      zi kōy-i yār biyār ay nasīm-i subh-i ğubārī
      ki bōy-i xūn-i dil-i rīš az ān turāb šunīdam
      Come out from the beloved's alley, o dusty morning breeze!
      For I have smelled the scent of a wounded heart's blood from that soil.
      (Classical Persian transliteration)

Usage notes

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  • In spoken Persian, شنیدن (šenidan) and شنفتن (šenoftan) can be used interchangeably.

Conjugation

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References

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  1. ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “āšnūdan(ašnaw-)”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 13
  2. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 456