خواجه

Bulgar

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian خواجه (xâje).

Noun

خُوَاجَه (xowâçe)

1. teacher

   اَولِ اَلِبْ خُواجَه بَلُوى كُ ― awli alıp xowâçe belüwi kü ― ...'s son teacher Alıp's gravestone.

Descendants

• Chuvash: хуҫа (huś̬a)
• >? Chuvash: каччӑ (kaččă)

References

• Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 164
• Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎^[3] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, page 190

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• խօճա (hoca) — Armeno-Turkish

Etymology

From Persian خواجه (xâje).

Noun

خواجه • (hoca)

1. teacher
2. professor
3. master
4. hodja

Descendants

• Turkish: hoca
  • → English: hodja
  • → French: hodja
  • → German: Hodscha
  • → Serbo-Croatian: Hodža
  • → Portuguese: hodja
  • → Ubykh: [Term?] (/⁠χʷɜ́ɖ͡ʐɜ⁠/)
• → Albanian: hoxhë
• → Greek: χότζας (chótzas), Χατζάκης (Chatzákis)
• → Hungarian: hodzsa
• → Middle Armenian: խօջայ (xōǰay), խոջայ (xoǰay), խօճայ (xōčay)
  • Armenian: խոջա (xoǰa), հօճա (hōča), խօճա (xōča)
• → Romanian: hoge
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: хоџа

  Latin script: hȍdža, Hodžić

• → Slovak: hodža

Persian

Dari	خواجه
Iranian Persian
Tajik	хоҷа

Etymology

Ultimately derived from a Middle Indo-Aryan reflex of Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya, “teacher; preceptor; spiritual adviser”), via Central Asian intermediaries. Various Middle Indo-Aryan reflexes are attested from all stages, including Maharastri Prakrit 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uvajjhāa), but the Central Asian loaning source most closely resembles an unattested *𑀯𑀸𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (*vājjhāa) — matching Sindhi واجهو (vājho, “Hindu schoolteacher”), cf. also Tamil வாத்தியார் (vāttiyār, “teacher; instructor; family priest”). The initial aspiration in Classical Persian خواجه (xwāja) is also found in Khwarezmian خواجیک (xwʾjyk /⁠xwājīk⁠/, “venerated man”) and Chinese 和尚 (héshàng, “Buddhist monk”) (see more there).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xʷɑː.d͡ʒa]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xɑː.d͡ʒä]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xɑː.d͡ʒä]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xɑː.d͡ʒä]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xɔː.d͡ʒä]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xɒː.d͡ʒe]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χɔ.d͡ʒä]

Readings
Classical reading?	xwāja
Dari reading?	xāja
Iranian reading?	xâje
Tajik reading?	xoja

Noun

خواجه • (xâje) (plural خواجه‌ها (xâje-hâ) or خواجگان (xâjegân))

1. lord, master, owner
2. (archaic) dignitary, gentleman

   Synonyms: مهتر (mehtar), بزرگ (bozorg), سید (seyyed), آقا (âqâ)

3. (archaic) wealthy man

   Synonyms: مالدار (mâldâr), ثروتمند (servatmand)

4. (archaic) a polite form of address of a man, mister
5. Khwajah, vizier
   • 11th century, Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi

     چون حسنک بیامد، خواجه بر پای خاست. چون او این مَکرمُت بکرد، همه – اگر خواستند یا نه – بر پای خاستند. بو سهل زوزنی بر خشم خود طاقت نداشت؛ برخاست، نه تمام و بر خویشتن می ژکید. احمد او را گفت: در همه کارها ناتمامی. وی نیک از جای بشد.

     When Hasanak came in, Khwaja [Ahmad] stood up. Since he performed this act of respect, everyone – whether they wanted or not – stood up. Bu Sahl Zawzani couldn't contain his anger. He stood up, but not completely, and was grumbling to himself. [Khwaja] Ahmad said to him: "In all tasks, you perform incompletely." He [Zawzani] became extremely angered.

6. (colloquial, historical) eunuch

   Synonym: اخته (axte)

Derived terms

• حواجه‌زاده (xâje-zâde)
• حواجه‌سرا (xâje-sarâ)
• خواجگی (xâjegi)
• سرخواجه (sar-xâje)

 

Descendants

• Tajik: хоҷа (xoja) / خواجه
• → Arabic: خَوَاجَة (ḵawāja)
  • → English: howadji
• → Bengali: খোজা (khōja)
• → Gujarati: ખોજા (khojā)
  • → English: Khoja
• → Kazakh: Қожа (Qoja)
  • → Russian: ходжа́ (xodžá)
• → Malay: khoja
  • Indonesian: khoja
• → Malayalam: കോയ (kōya)
• → Punjabi: ਖ਼ੋਜਾ (xojā) / خوجہ (xojā)
• → Sindhi: خوجه
• → Turkmen: Hoja
• → Uyghur: خوجا (xoja)
  • → Mandarin: 獲嘉 / 获嘉 (huòjiā)
• → Uzbek: xoja, xoʻja
• → Azerbaijani: xoca
• → Bashkir: хужа (xuja)
• → Bengali: খাজা (khaja)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: ख़्वाजा (xvājā)

  Urdu: خواجہ (xājā, xvājā)

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਵਾਜਾ (xavājā)

  Shahmukhi script: خواجہ (xvājā)

• → Sindhi: خواجه
• → Ottoman Turkish: خواجه (hâce, hoca), խօճա (hoca) — Armeno-Turkish
  • Turkish: hoca
    • → English: hodja
    • → French: hodja
    • → German: Hodscha
    • → Serbo-Croatian: Hodža
    • → Portuguese: hodja
    • → Ubykh: [Term?] (/⁠χʷɜ́ɖ͡ʐɜ⁠/)
  • → Albanian: hoxhë
  • → Greek: χότζας (chótzas), Χατζάκης (Chatzákis)
  • → Hungarian: hodzsa
  • → Middle Armenian: խօջայ (xōǰay), խոջայ (xoǰay), խօճայ (xōčay)
    • Armenian: խոջա (xoǰa), հօճա (hōča), խօճա (xōča)
  • → Romanian: hoge
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: хоџа

    Latin script: hȍdža, Hodžić

  • → Slovak: hodža

Further reading

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “خواجه”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press