خرد
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Adjective
[edit]خرد • (hurd)
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]خرد • (hıred)
Persian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Persian [script needed] (hwlt' /xwurd/, “little”), perhaps originally the past participle of [script needed] (hwltn' /xwardan/, “to eat”); for the semantic development, compare the derivation of Proto-West Germanic *biti (“bit”) from *bītan (“to bite”).[1] Compare Talysh هرد (hərd), Northern Luri هیرد (hird); see خوردن (xordan) for more on the root.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [xuɾð]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χuɹd̪]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | xurd |
Dari reading? | xurd |
Iranian reading? | xord |
Tajik reading? | xurd |
Adjective
[edit]Dari | خرد |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | хурд |
خرد • (xord) (comparative خردتَر (xord-tar), superlative خردتَرین (xord-tarin))
- (normal in Dari, archaic in Iran) little, small (in physical size)
- (figurative) small, micro-
- اقتصاد خرد ― eqtesâd-e xord ― micro-economics
- insignificant, trifling (mainly used of money)
- پول خورد (colloquial Iranian) ― pul-e xurd ― small change
Usage notes
[edit]- Nowadays, this word is generally used for actual physical size only in Afghanistan.
Alternative forms
[edit]- خورد (xurd) (colloquial Iranian)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (hlt /xrat, xrad/, “wisdom, understanding, intelligence”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krátuš (“intelligence, mental power”), from Proto-Indo-European *krét-us. Akin to Old Armenian խրատ (xrat), an Iranian borrowing.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [xi.ˈɾað]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xe.ɹǽd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χi.ɾǽd̪]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | xiraḏ |
Dari reading? | xirad |
Iranian reading? | xerad |
Tajik reading? | xirad |
Noun
[edit]Dari | خرد |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | хирад |
خرد • (xerad)
Derived terms
[edit]- خردمند (xeradmand)
Descendants
[edit]- → Ottoman Turkish: خرد (hıred)
References
[edit]- ^ Jost Gippert (2009) “An Etymological Trifle”, in Werner Sundermann, Almut Hintze, François de Blois, editors, Exegisti monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams[1], Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 137-138
Urdu
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Classical Persian خرد (xirad, “wisdom, intellect”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /xɪ.ɾəd̪/
Noun
[edit]خرد • (xirad) ?
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian خرد (xurd).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /xʊɾd̪/
Adjective
[edit]خُرْد • (xurd) (Hindi spelling ख़ुर्द)
References
[edit]- “خرد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خرد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “خرد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- “خرد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
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