кошка

Belarusian

кошка

Alternative forms

• koszka — obsolete
• koška — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian ко́шка (kóška), from Old East Slavic ко́шька (kóšĭka), from unattested *ко́чька (*kóčĭka), from Proto-Slavic *kòťьka, from *kòťь, from *kòtъ. Cognate with Russian ко́шка (kóška) and Ukrainian кі́шка (kíška).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkoʂka]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oʂka

Noun

ко́шка • (kóška) f animal (genitive ко́шкі, nominative plural ко́шкі, genitive plural ко́шак)

1. female cat (domesticated species)

   Synonym: ко́тка (kótka)

   • 1854, Alexander Rypinski, Niaczyścik, London, page 12:

     Aż tut hlanuć, ażna strach! / Koszki miāŭkajuć, dziarucca!

     The sight is even scary to behold! The cats are meowing and fighting among themselves!

   • 1923 [1900], Seumas MacManus, translated by Symon Rak-Michajłoŭski, Ірляндзкія Народныя Казкі, Wilno: Drukarnia „Wydawnictwo Wileńskie“ B. Kleckina, translation of Donegal Fairy Stories, page 36:

     Роўна ў поўдзень кошка выйшла з пячэры. Убачыўшы Амадана, яна гэтак страшна крыкнула, што мора паднялося на чверць мілі ўгару, і запыталася яна ў Амадана, хто ён і адкуль ён узяў сьмеласьць зьявіцца перад яе вачыма.

     Róŭna ŭ póŭdzjenʹ kóška vyjšla z pjačery. Ubačyŭšy Amadana, jana hetak strašna kryknula, što móra padnjalósja na čvjercʹ mili ŭharu, i zapytalasja jana ŭ Amadana, xto jon i adkulʹ jon uzjaŭ sʹmjelasʹcʹ zʹjavicca pjerad jaje vačyma.

     [original: When the cat came out at twelve o’clock and saw the Amadan, she let a roar out of her that drove back the waters of the sea and piled them up a quarter of a mile high, and she asked him who he was and how he had the impudence to come there to meet her.]

     Precisely at noon the cat came out of the cave. Upon seeing the Amadan, she let out such a terrifying scream that the sea rose a quarter of a mile high, and she asked the Amadan who he was and how he had the impudence to appear before her eyes.

2. cat (member of the cat family Felidae)

Declension

Declension of ко́шка (anml velar fem-form accent-a reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	ко́шка kóška	ко́шкі kóški
genitive	ко́шкі kóški	ко́шак kóšak
dative	ко́шцы kóšcy	ко́шкам kóškam
accusative	ко́шку kóšku	ко́шак kóšak
instrumental	ко́шкай, ко́шкаю kóškaj, kóškaju	ко́шкамі kóškami
locative	ко́шцы kóšcy	ко́шках kóškax
count form	—	ко́шкі1 kóški1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

See also

• кот (kot)

References

• “кошка” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
• "кошка" in Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984) at Verbum

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɔʃka]

Verb

кошка • (koška) third-singular present, impf

1. (transitive) to kick
2. (transitive, figurative) to belittle, disparage

Conjugation

Conjugation of кошка (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	кошкал (koškal)	—	adjectival participle	кошкан (koškan)
feminine	кошкала (koškala)	—	adverbial participle	кошкајќи (koškajḱi)
neuter	кошкало (koškalo)	—	verbal noun	кошкање (koškanje)
plural	кошкале (koškale)	—	perfect participle	кошкано (koškano)
finite forms	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	кошкам (koškam)	кошкав (koškav)	—	—
2nd singular	кошкаш (koškaš)	кошкаше (koškaše)	—	кошкај (koškaj)
3rd singular	кошка (koška)	кошкаше (koškaše)	—	—
1st plural	кошкаме (koškame)	кошкавме (koškavme)	—	—
2nd plural	кошкате (koškate)	кошкавте (koškavte)	—	кошкајте (koškajte)
3rd plural	кошкаат (koškaat)	кошкаа (koškaa)	—	—
compound tenses
perfect	сум кошкал (sum koškal)		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам кошкано (imam koškano)		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев кошкал (bev koškal)		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав кошкано (imav koškano)		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал кошкано (sum imal koškano)		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе кошкам (ḱe koškam)		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам кошкано (ḱe imam koškano)		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе кошкав (ḱe koškav)		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав кошкано (ḱe imav koškano)		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум кошкал (ḱe sum koškal)		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал кошкано (ḱe sum imal koškano)		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би кошкал (bi koškal)		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал кошкано (bi imal koškano)		conditional of има + perfect participle

Further reading

• “кошка” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Old Ruthenian

ко́шка

Alternative forms

• ко́шъка (kóška), kószka — alternative spelling

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic ко́шька (kóšĭka), from unattested *ко́чька (*kóčĭka), from Proto-Slavic *kòťьka, from *kòťь, from *kòtъ. Cognate with Russian ко́шка (kóška).

Noun

кошка • (koška) f animal (masculine котъ)

1. female cat (domestic species)

   Synonym: ко́тка (kótka)

   слꙋжили емꙋ пси, кошки, птахи ― služili emu psi, koški, ptaxi ― Cats, dogs and birds served him

Descendants

• Belarusian: ко́шка (kóška)
• Ukrainian: кі́шка (kíška)

Further reading

• Bulyka, A. M., editor (1997), “кошка”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 16 (коржъ – лесничанка), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 71
• Chikalo, M. I., editor (2010), “кошка, кошъка”, in Словник української мови XVI – I пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), numbers 15 (конь – легковѣрны), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 61

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Russian ко́шка (kóška), from Old East Slavic ко́шька (kóšĭka), from unattested *ко́чька (*kóčĭka), from Proto-Slavic *kòťьka, from *kòťь, from *kòtъ. Cognate with Old Ruthenian ко́шка (kóška), Ukrainian кі́шка (kíška).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkoʂkə]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ко́шка • (kóška) f anim or f inan (genitive ко́шки, nominative plural ко́шки, genitive plural ко́шек, masculine кот, relational adjective коша́чий, diminutive ко́шечка)

1. cat

   жить как ко́шка с соба́кой ― žitʹ kak kóška s sobákoj ― to lead a cat-and-dog life

   игра́ть в ко́шки-мышки ― igrátʹ v kóški-myški ― play cat-and-mouse

   но́чью все ко́шки се́ры ― nóčʹju vse kóški séry ― at night all cats are gray

   у него́ ко́шки скребу́т на се́рдце ― u nevó kóški skrebút na sérdce ― he is sick at heart (very upset)

2. (inanimate) cat-o'-nine-tails
3. (technical, inanimate) grapnel, drag
4. (technical, inanimate) grapple fork
5. (cranes, inanimate) car, trolley, carriage
6. (geology, inanimate) spit, bar
7. (climbing, in the plural, inanimate) crampons, climbing irons, climbing grapplers

Declension

Declension of ко́шка (bian fem-form velar-stem accent-a reduc) 

		singular	plural
nominative		ко́шка kóška	ко́шки kóški
genitive		ко́шки kóški	ко́шек kóšek
dative		ко́шке kóške	ко́шкам kóškam
accusative	animate	ко́шку kóšku	ко́шек kóšek
	inanimate		ко́шки kóški
instrumental		ко́шкой, ко́шкою kóškoj, kóškoju	ко́шками kóškami
prepositional		ко́шке kóške	ко́шках kóškax

Pre-reform declension of ко́шка (bian fem-form velar-stem accent-a reduc) 

		singular	plural
nominative		ко́шка kóška	ко́шки kóški
genitive		ко́шки kóški	ко́шекъ kóšek
dative		ко́шкѣ kóškě	ко́шкамъ kóškam
accusative	animate	ко́шку kóšku	ко́шекъ kóšek
	inanimate		ко́шки kóški
instrumental		ко́шкой, ко́шкою kóškoj, kóškoju	ко́шками kóškami
prepositional		ко́шкѣ kóškě	ко́шкахъ kóškax

Related terms

• кот m anim (kot)

Descendants

• → Ainu: コスク
• → Buryat: хөөшхэ (xööšxe)
• → Ket: коска
• → Khamnigan Mongol: киискэ (kiiske)
• → Kildin Sami: куэшшьк (kuešš’k) (Ārʹsjogk)
• → Ter Sami: кыэшшькэ (kïeššʼke)
• → Yakut: куоска (kuoska)

See also

• кот (kot)
• пу́ська (púsʹka)
• кису́ня (kisúnja)

Further reading

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882) “кошка”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.