друг

Belarusian

Alternative forms

• druh — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian другъ (druh), from Proto-Slavic *drugъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [drux]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ux
• Hyphenation: друг

Noun

друг • (druh) m pers (genitive дру́га, nominative plural друзья́, genitive plural друзе́й)

1. (dated) friend

   Synonyms: ся́бар (sjábar), пры́яцель (prýjacjelʹ)

   • 1918, Francišak Alachnovič, Bazylišk, Vilnius: Drukarnia M. Kuchty, page 16:

     — Moj brat tak sama… Pajšoŭ, — nie wiarnuŭsia!… Jon bolš čym bratam, druham jon byŭ mnie!

     "And also my brother… Went there,—never came back!… He was more than a brother to me—he was my friend!"

   • 1938 [1848], Charles Dickens, anonymous translator, Домбі і сын, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Dombey and Son, page 8:

     — Дарагая мая Луіза, — прагаварыла міс Токс, — мой любы друг, як вы сябе адчуваеце цяпер?

     — Darahaja maja Luiza, — prahavaryla mis Toks, — moj ljuby druh, jak vy sjabje adčuvajecje cjapjer?

     [original: "My dear Louisa then," said Miss Tox, "my sweet friend, how are you now?"]

   • 1940 [1882], Mark Twain, translated by Janka Maŭr, Прынц і жабрак, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of The Prince and the Pauper, page 109:

     Што-ж ён будзе рабіць? Ва ўсім свеце ў яго ёсць адзін друг і абаронца, Майлс Гендон, і ён, натуральна, паспрабуе знайсці свайго друга, калі толькі для гэтага яму не трэба будзе вяртацца ў Лондан і рызыкаваць новымі небяспекамі.

     Što-ž jon budzje rabicʹ? Va ŭsim svjecje ŭ jahó joscʹ adzin druh i abarónca, Majls Hjendón, i jon, naturalʹna, pasprabuje znajsci svajhó druha, kali tólʹki dlja hetaha jamu nje treba budzje vjartacca ŭ Lóndan i ryzykavacʹ nóvymi njebjaspjekami.

     [original: What, then, would he do? Never having had a friend in the world, or a protector, until he met Miles Hendon, he would naturally try to find that friend again, provided the effort did not require him to go toward London and danger.]

     What, then, would he do? Having had only one friend and protector in the world, Miles Hendon, he would naturally try to find his friend, provided the effort did not require him to go toward London and risk new dangers.

Declension

Declension of друг (pr velar masc-form accent-c irreg-plstem)

	singular	plural
nominative	друг druh	друзья́ druzʹjá
genitive	дру́га drúha	друзе́й druzjéj
dative	дру́гу drúhu	друзья́м druzʹjám
accusative	дру́га drúha	друзе́й druzjéj
instrumental	дру́гам drúham	друзья́мі druzʹjámi
locative	дру́гу drúhu	друзья́х druzʹjáx
vocative	дру́жа drúža	—
count form	—	дру́гі1 drúhi1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

References

• Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1989), “другъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 9 (дорогоценный – жеребей), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, →ISBN, page 83
• “друг”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
• “друг” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Bulgarian

Alternative forms

• другъ (drug) (Pre-reform orthography (1945))

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [druk]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *drugъ.

Adjective

друг • (drug)

1. other, another, else
2. different, new

   Synonym: разли́чен (razlíčen)

   друга версия ― druga versija ― another/different version

   Това е съвсем друга тема.

   Tova e sǎvsem druga tema.

   That's quite a different matter.

3. opposite, reverse, other

   Synonyms: противополо́жен (protivopolóžen), обра́тен (obráten)

   на другата страна на листа

   na drugata strana na lista

   on the reverse side of the page

   на другата страна на стената

   na drugata strana na stenata

   on the other side of the wall

4. next, following

   Synonyms: сле́дващ (slédvašt), и́ден (íden)

   другата седмица ― drugata sedmica ― next week, the coming week

   на другия ден ― na drugija den ― on the next/following day

Declension

Declension of друг (no comparative)

	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
indefinite	друг drug	дру́га drúga	дру́го drúgo	дру́ги drúgi
definite (subject form)	дру́гият drúgijat	дру́гата drúgata	дру́гото drúgoto	дру́гите drúgite
definite (object form)	дру́гия drúgija

Noun

друг • (drug) m (feminine дру́га)

1. another
2. (in the plural) others

Declension

Declension of друг

	singular	plural
indefinite	друг drug	дру́ги drúgi
definite (subject form)	дру́гият drúgijat	дру́гите drúgite
definite (object form)	дру́гия drúgija

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *drugъ.

Noun

друг • (drug) m (feminine дру́жка)

1. (dated or rare) friend

   Synonyms: прия́тел (prijátel), друга́р (drugár)

Declension

Declension of друг

	singular	plural
indefinite	друг drug	дру́ги, дру́зи drúgi, drúzi
definite (subject form)	дру́гът drúgǎt	дру́гите, дру́зите drúgite, drúzite
definite (object form)	дру́га drúga
vocative form	дру́же drúže	дру́ги, дру́зи drúgi, drúzi

References

• “друг”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “друг”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *drugъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [druk]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: друг

Determiner

друг • (drug)

1. other

Declension

Declension of друг

	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
indefinite	друг (drug)	друга (druga)	друго (drugo)	други (drugi)
definite unspecified	другиот (drugiot)	другата (drugata)	другото (drugoto)	другите (drugite)
definite proximal	другиов (drugiov)	другава (drugava)	другово (drugovo)	другиве (drugive)
definite distal	другион (drugion)	другана (drugana)	другоно (drugono)	другине (drugine)

Russian

Alternative forms

• другъ (drug) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [druk]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *drugъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-.

Noun

друг • (drug) m anim (genitive дру́га, nominative plural друзья́, genitive plural друзе́й, feminine подру́га, relational adjective дру́жеский, diminutive дружо́к)

1. close friend

   Synonyms: прия́тель (prijátelʹ); това́рищ (továrišč); (slang, in social networks or neologism) френд (frɛnd); (slang, especially criminal) ко́реш (kóreš)

   Antonym: враг (vrag)

   Я хочу́ име́ть друзе́й. ― Ja xočú imétʹ druzéj. ― I want to have friends.

   бли́зкий друг ― blízkij drug ― close friend

   стари́нный друг ― starínnyj drug ― very old friend

   друг семьи́ ― drug semʹí ― friend of the family

   друг де́тства ― drug détstva ― childhood friend

Declension

Declension of друг (anim masc-form velar-stem accent-c irreg) 

	singular	plural
nominative	дру́г drúg	друзья́△ druzʹjá△
genitive	дру́га drúga	друзе́й△ druzéj△
dative	дру́гу drúgu	друзья́м△ druzʹjám△
accusative	дру́га drúga	друзе́й△ druzéj△
instrumental	дру́гом drúgom	друзья́ми△ druzʹjámi△
prepositional	дру́ге drúge	друзья́х△ druzʹjáx△
vocative	дру́же drúže

^△ Irregular.

Related terms

• подру́га (podrúga, “female friend”), дружо́к (družók), дружо́чек (družóček)
• не́друг (nédrug)
• дру́жный (drúžnyj, “friendly, amicable, personable; harmonious, concurrent, unanimous”), дру́жно (drúžno)
• дру́жеский (drúžeskij), дру́жески (drúžeski), по-дру́жески (po-drúžeski)
• дру́жественный (drúžestvennyj, “amiable, friendly”), дру́жественно (drúžestvenno), дру́жественность (drúžestvennostʹ)
• дружи́ть (družítʹ)
• дру́жка (drúžka), подру́жка (podrúžka), подру́женька (podrúženʹka)
• дру́жба (drúžba, “friendship”), по дру́жбе (po drúžbe)
• дружи́ще (družíšče)
• дружи́на (družína), дружи́нный (družínnyj), дружи́нник (družínnik), дружи́нница (družínnica)
• содру́жество (sodrúžestvo)

Descendants

• → English: droog

Etymology 2

Originally the predicative (short) form of друго́й (drugój, “another”).

Noun

друг • (drug) m anim (genitive дру́га, uncountable)

1. (in pairs) other, another

   друг в дру́га ― drug v drúga ― one another; each other

   друг дру́га ― drug drúga ― one another; each other

   друг дру́гу ― drug drúgu ― to one another; to each other

   друг за дру́гом ― drug za drúgom ― one after another; in single file

   друг к дру́гу ― drug k drúgu ― to each other

   друг на дру́га ― drug na drúga ― against each other

   друг от дру́га ― drug ot drúga ― one from another

   друг под дру́га ― drug pod drúga ― toward each other

   друг про́тив дру́га ― drug prótiv drúga ― face to face; vis-à-vis

   друг с дру́гом ― drug s drúgom ― with each other

   друг у дру́га ― drug u drúga ― at one another; from one another

Declension

Declension of друг (anim sg-only masc-form velar-stem accent-a) 

	singular
nominative	дру́г drúg
genitive	дру́га drúga
dative	дру́гу drúgu
accusative	дру́га drúga
instrumental	дру́гом drúgom
prepositional	дру́ге drúge

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *drugъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /drûːɡ/

Noun

друг m (Latin spelling drug)

1. friend

   Synonym: при̏јатељ

2. comrade

Declension

Declension of друг

	singular	plural
nominative	друг	другови / друзи
genitive	друга	другова / друга
dative	другу	друговима / друзима
accusative	друга	другове / друге
vocative	друже	другови / друзи
locative	другу	друговима / друзима
instrumental	другом	друговима / друзима

Derived terms

• дру́га
• дру̀га̄р
• друго̀вати
• дру̀шкан
• дру́штво
• дру̀жба
• дру̏жбенӣк
• дружељу̀бив
• дру̀жица
• дру̀жина
• дру́жити

Related terms

• друга̀рица
• дру́га
• дру̀жица

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *drugъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [druɦ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

друг • (druh) m pers (genitive дру́га, nominative plural дру́зі, genitive plural дру́зів, feminine по́друга)

1. friend, companion

Declension

Declension of друг (pers velar masc-form accent-a irreg-plstem)

	singular	plural
nominative	друг druh	дру́зі drúzi
genitive	дру́га drúha	дру́зів drúziv
dative	дру́гові, дру́гу drúhovi, drúhu	дру́зям drúzjam
accusative	дру́га drúha	дру́зів drúziv
instrumental	дру́гом drúhom	дру́зями drúzjamy
locative	дру́гові, дру́гу drúhovi, drúhu	дру́зях drúzjax
vocative	дру́же drúže	дру́зі drúzi

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “друг”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka