τραχύς
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *tʰrākʰús (whence Mycenaean Greek 𐀲𐀨𐀐𐀹(𐀊) (ta-ra-ke-wi-(-ja-))), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰréh₂gʰ-us ~ *dʰr̥h₂gʰ-éws (“rough”), from *dʰreh₂gʰ- (“to irritate”).[1] Compare θρᾱ́σσω (thrā́ssō).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /traː.kʰýs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /traˈkʰys/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /traˈçys/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /traˈçys/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /traˈçis/
Adjective
[edit]τρᾱχῠ́ς • (trākhús) m (feminine τρᾱχεῖᾰ, neuter τρᾱχῠ́); first/third declension
- jagged
- prickly
- rugged
- rough
- Diocl., Fr. 26
- shaggy
- (of the voice of boys) cracking
- harsh
- (of persons, their acts, feelings, or conditions) rough, harsh, savage
Inflection
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | τρᾱχῠ́ς trākhús |
τρᾱχεῖᾰ trākheîa |
τρᾱχῠ́ trākhú |
τρᾱχέε trākhée |
τρᾱχείᾱ trākheíā |
τρᾱχέε trākhée |
τρᾱχεῖς trākheîs |
τρᾱχεῖαι trākheîai |
τρᾱχέᾰ trākhéa | |||||
Genitive | τρᾱχέος trākhéos |
τρᾱχείᾱς trākheíās |
τρᾱχέος trākhéos |
τρᾱχέοιν trākhéoin |
τρᾱχείαιν trākheíain |
τρᾱχέοιν trākhéoin |
τρᾱχέων trākhéōn |
τρᾱχειῶν trākheiôn |
τρᾱχέων trākhéōn | |||||
Dative | τρᾱχεῖ trākheî |
τρᾱχείᾳ trākheíāi |
τρᾱχεῖ trākheî |
τρᾱχέοιν trākhéoin |
τρᾱχείαιν trākheíain |
τρᾱχέοιν trākhéoin |
τρᾱχέσῐ / τρᾱχέσῐν trākhési(n) |
τρᾱχείαις trākheíais |
τρᾱχέσῐ / τρᾱχέσῐν trākhési(n) | |||||
Accusative | τρᾱχῠ́ν trākhún |
τρᾱχεῖᾰν trākheîan |
τρᾱχῠ́ trākhú |
τρᾱχέε trākhée |
τρᾱχείᾱ trākheíā |
τρᾱχέε trākhée |
τρᾱχεῖς trākheîs |
τρᾱχείᾱς trākheíās |
τρᾱχέᾰ trākhéa | |||||
Vocative | τρᾱχῠ́ trākhú |
τρᾱχεῖᾰ trākheîa |
τρᾱχῠ́ trākhú |
τρᾱχέε trākhée |
τρᾱχείᾱ trākheíā |
τρᾱχέε trākhée |
τρᾱχεῖς trākheîs |
τρᾱχεῖαι trākheîai |
τρᾱχέᾰ trākhéa | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
τρᾱχέως trākhéōs |
τρᾱχῠ́τερος trākhúteros |
τρᾱχῠ́τᾰτος trākhútatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
[edit]- τρᾱχεόστρᾰκος (trākheóstrakos)
- τρᾱχέως (trākhéōs)
- τρᾱχόομαι (trākhóomai)
- τρᾱ́χουρος (trā́khouros)
- τρᾱχῠβᾰτέω (trākhubatéō)
- τρᾱχῠ́δερμος (trākhúdermos)
- τρᾱχῠδέρμων (trākhudérmōn)
- τρᾱχῠ́νω (trākhúnō)
- τρᾱχῠόδους (trākhuódous)
- τρᾱχῠόστρᾰκος (trākhuóstrakos)
- τρᾱχῠ́πους (trākhúpous)
- τρᾱχῠ́στομος (trākhústomos)
- τρᾱχῠ́της (trākhútēs)
- τρᾱχῠ́φλοιος (trākhúphloios)
- τρᾱχῠ́φωνος (trākhúphōnos)
- τρᾱχώδης (trākhṓdēs)
- τρᾱ́χωμᾰ (trā́khōma)
- τρᾱχών (trākhṓn)
Related terms
[edit]- τρᾱχῠντῐκός (trākhuntikós)
- τρᾱ́χῠσμᾰ (trā́khusma)
- τρᾱχῠσμός (trākhusmós)
- τρᾱχῠφωνέω (trākhuphōnéō)
- τρᾱχῠφωνῐ́ᾱ (trākhuphōníā)
- τρᾱχωμᾰτῐκός (trākhōmatikós)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: τραχύς (trachýs)
- (from ellipsis of τρᾱχεῖᾰ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (trākheîa artēríā, “rough artery”)) → Late Latin: trāchīa
- → Translingual: trachy-
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τρᾱχύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1501-1502
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θρᾱ́σσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 553
Further reading
[edit]- “τραχύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek τρᾱχύς (trākhús).
Adjective
[edit]τραχύς • (trachýs) m (feminine τραχιά or τραχεία, neuter τραχύ)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | τραχύς (trachýs) | τραχιά (trachiá) | τραχύ (trachý) | τραχιοί (trachioí) | τραχιές (trachiés) | τραχιά (trachiá) | |
genitive | τραχιού (trachioú) τραχύ (trachý) |
τραχιάς (trachiás) | τραχιού (trachioú) τραχύ (trachý) |
τραχιών (trachión) | τραχιών (trachión) | τραχιών (trachión) | |
accusative | τραχύ (trachý) | τραχιά (trachiá) | τραχύ (trachý) | τραχιούς (trachioús) | τραχιές (trachiés) | τραχιά (trachiá) | |
vocative | τραχύ (trachý) | τραχιά (trachiá) | τραχύ (trachý) | τραχιοί (trachioí) | τραχιές (trachiés) | τραχιά (trachiá) |
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο τραχύς, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο τραχύς, etc.)
Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο τραχύτερος", etc)
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Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰreh₂gʰ-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek lemmas
- Greek adjectives
- Greek adjectives in declension ύς-ιά-ύ