συμφυρμός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Hellenistic Koine noun, from verb σῠμφῡράω (sumphūráō, “I knead together, mess up”) from σῠ́ν (sún, “with”) +‎ φῡράω (phūráō, “or φύρω I mix”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sym.ɸyrˈmos/ → /sim.firˈmos/

• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /sym.pʰyrˈmos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /sym.ɸyrˈmos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /sym.fyrˈmos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /sim.firˈmos/

Noun

σῠμφῡρμός • (sumphūrmós) m (genitive σῠμφῡρμοῦ); second declension

1. (Koine) a mix up

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ σῠμφῡρμός; τοῦ σῠμφῡρμοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ σῠμφῡρμός ho sumphūrmós	τὼ σῠμφῡρμώ tṑ sumphūrmṓ	οἱ σῠμφῡρμοί hoi sumphūrmoí
Genitive	τοῦ σῠμφῡρμοῦ toû sumphūrmoû	τοῖν σῠμφῡρμοῖν toîn sumphūrmoîn	τῶν σῠμφῡρμῶν tôn sumphūrmôn
Dative	τῷ σῠμφῡρμῷ tôi sumphūrmôi	τοῖν σῠμφῡρμοῖν toîn sumphūrmoîn	τοῖς σῠμφῡρμοῖς toîs sumphūrmoîs
Accusative	τὸν σῠμφῡρμόν tòn sumphūrmón	τὼ σῠμφῡρμώ tṑ sumphūrmṓ	τοὺς σῠμφῡρμούς toùs sumphūrmoús
Vocative	σῠμφῡρμέ sumphūrmé	σῠμφῡρμώ sumphūrmṓ	σῠμφῡρμοί sumphūrmoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Related terms

• σῠ́μφῡρσις f (súmphūrsis, “confusion”)
• σῠμφύρω (sumphúrō, “Ι knead together, I mess up”)
• φύρδην (phúrdēn, “mixed, in confusion”)
• φύρσις f (phúrsis)
• φύρω (phúrō, “I mix”)

Descendants

• Greek: συμφυρμός m (symfyrmós)

Greek

Etymology

From Hellenistic Koine Greek συμφῡρμός (sumphūrmós) from verb συμφύρω (sumphúrō). For sense in linguistics, calque of French contamination.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siɱfirˈmos/
• Hyphenation: συμ‧φυρ‧μός

Noun

συμφυρμός • (symfyrmós) m (plural συμφυρμοί)

1. the result of mixing up of dissimilar elements
2. (figuratively, derogatory) coexistance of people of different and disreputable background
4. (linguistics, phonology, phonetics) blend of two cognate elements (sounds, morphemes, phrases) which violates the rules of word formation. Associated with analogy and paretymology. e.g.

   • διάβολος (/ˈðʝavolos/ “devil”) & σατανάς (/sataˈnas/ “satan”) → διάτανος (/ˈðʝatanos/ “devil”)

   • γέροντας (/ˈʝerondas/ “old man”) & γεράματα (/ʝeˈramata/ “old years, old age”) → γεροντάματα (/ʝeronˈdamata/ “old age”)

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	συμφυρμός (symfyrmós)	συμφυρμοί (symfyrmoí)
genitive	συμφυρμού (symfyrmoú)	συμφυρμών (symfyrmón)
accusative	συμφυρμό (symfyrmó)	συμφυρμούς (symfyrmoús)
vocative	συμφυρμέ (symfyrmé)	συμφυρμοί (symfyrmoí)

Synonyms

(mix up, with negative connotation):

• σύμφυρση f (sýmfyrsi)
• σύμφυρμα n (sýmfyrma)
• ανακάτωμα n (anakátoma)
• φύρδην μίγδην (fýrdin mígdin) (archaic)

(mixture, with positive connotation):

• ανάμειξη f (anámeixi)
• αμάλγαμα n (amálgama)
• συνένωση f (synénosi)

(people of disreputable background):

• κάθε καρυδιάς καρύδι (káthe karydiás karýdi) (idiomatic expression)
• η σάρα, η μάρα και το κακό συναπάντημα (i sára, i mára kai to kakó synapántima)

(linguistics):

• σύμμειγμα n (sýmmeigma)
• σύμμειξη f (sýmmeixi)

Related terms

• συμφύρω (symfýro, “I mix up”)
• φυραίνω (fyraíno, “I reduce volume or weight”) & related words