μάνδρα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Some have proposed a Proto-Indo-European *mand- (“enclosure”), cognate with Sanskrit मन्दुरा (mandurā, “stable; bed”) and possibly related to μανδάκης (mandákēs, “band to tie trusses”), μάνδαλος (mándalos, “bolt”), and Proto-West Germanic *mandu (“basket”), with a possible Pre-Greek acquisition of one or more Pre-Indo-European wanderworts.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /mán.draː/ → /ˈman.dra/ → /ˈman.dra/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /mán.draː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈman.dra/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈman.dra/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈman.dra/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈman.dra/

Noun

μᾰ́νδρᾱ • (mắndrā) f (genitive μᾰ́νδρᾱς); first declension

1. enclosed space
2. fold, pen, barn, or stable for cattle or sometimes horses

   Synonym: ὄστρῐμον (óstrĭmon)

   • 310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Hymn to Demeter 106
   • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 4.61
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.648a
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 659.3
3. (figurative) bezel of a ring depicting oxen
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Epigrams 21
   • Palatine Anthology 9.746
   • 200 CE – 400 CE, Heliodorus of Emesa, Aethiopica 5.14
4. square on a draughtboard
5. cloister, monastery

Declension

First declension of ἡ μᾰ́νδρᾱ; τῆς μᾰ́νδρᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ μᾰ́νδρᾱ hē mắndrā	τὼ μᾰ́νδρᾱ tṑ mắndrā	αἱ μᾰ́νδραι hai mắndrai
Genitive	τῆς μᾰ́νδρᾱς tês mắndrās	τοῖν μᾰ́νδραιν toîn mắndrain	τῶν μᾰνδρῶν tôn măndrôn
Dative	τῇ μᾰ́νδρᾳ têi mắndrāi	τοῖν μᾰ́νδραιν toîn mắndrain	ταῖς μᾰ́νδραις taîs mắndrais
Accusative	τὴν μᾰ́νδρᾱν tḕn mắndrān	τὼ μᾰ́νδρᾱ tṑ mắndrā	τᾱ̀ς μᾰ́νδρᾱς tā̀s mắndrās
Vocative	μᾰ́νδρᾱ mắndrā	μᾰ́νδρᾱ mắndrā	μᾰ́νδραι mắndrai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• Ἀναξῐ́μᾰνδρος (Anaxĭ́măndros)
• ἀρχῐμᾰνδρῑ́της (arkhĭmăndrī́tēs)
• μᾰ́νδρευμᾰ (mắndreumă)

Descendants

• Greek: μάντρα (mántra), μάνδρα (mándra)
• → Latin: mandra
  • Catalan: mandra
  • Italian: mandria, mandra
  • Sardinian: mandra
  • → Albanian: mandër
  • → Old Irish: mainder
    • Irish: mainnear
• Sicilian: mànnira
• → Laz: მანდრე (mandre, “cowshed”)
• → Middle Armenian: մանդրայ (mandray), մանրայ (manray)
• → Ottoman Turkish: ماندره (mandra), مندره (mandra)
  • Turkish: mandıra
  • → Armenian: մանտռա (mantṙa)
  • → Aromanian: mandrã
  • → Bulgarian: ма́ндъра (mándǎra), мандра (mandra)
  • → Macedonian: мандра (mandra)
  • → Romanian: mandră
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: мандра

    Latin script: mandra

Further reading

• “μάνδρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “μάνδρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• μάνδρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • stable idem, page 808.
  • stall idem, page 809.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Leschber, Corinna (2011) “Zeitliche Tiefe etymologischer Bezüge [Time depth in etymological research]”, in Linguistique Balkanique‎^[2] (in German), volume 50, numbers 2–3, Sofia, pages 75–78