κῶμα

See also: κώμα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unknown. Brugmann's derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *kōi-mn̥, from *ḱey- (“to lie down, settle”) (whence also κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie outstretched”)), is rejected by Beekes for what is in his view an unacceptable lengthened grade ablaut. Another theory tentatively derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *ḱumbʰ- (compare Latin incumbō (“to lie down”), English coomb and Old English cumb (“hollow; narrow valley”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kɔ̂ː.ma/ → /ˈko.ma/ → /ˈko.ma/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kɔ̂ː.ma/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈko.ma/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈko.ma/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈko.ma/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈko.ma/

Noun

κῶμα • (kôma) n (genitive κώματος); third declension

1. deep sleep, lethargy

   Synonyms: κᾰ́ρος (káros), νῶκᾰρ (nôkar)

2. coma

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ κῶμᾰ; τοῦ κώμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κῶμᾰ tò kôma	τὼ κώμᾰτε tṑ kṓmate	τᾰ̀ κώμᾰτᾰ tà kṓmata
Genitive	τοῦ κώμᾰτος toû kṓmatos	τοῖν κωμᾰ́τοιν toîn kōmátoin	τῶν κωμᾰ́των tôn kōmátōn
Dative	τῷ κώμᾰτῐ tôi kṓmati	τοῖν κωμᾰ́τοιν toîn kōmátoin	τοῖς κώμᾰσῐ / κώμᾰσῐν toîs kṓmasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ κῶμᾰ tò kôma	τὼ κώμᾰτε tṑ kṓmate	τᾰ̀ κώμᾰτᾰ tà kṓmata
Vocative	κῶμᾰ kôma	κώμᾰτε kṓmate	κώμᾰτᾰ kṓmata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• → Armenian: կոմա (koma)
• → Azerbaijani: koma
• → Belarusian: ко́ма (kóma)
• → Bulgarian: ко́ма (kóma)
• → Catalan: coma
• → Czech: kóma
• → Danish: koma
• → Dutch: coma
• → English: coma
• → Estonian: kooma
• → Finnish: kooma
• → French: coma
• → Georgian: კომა (ḳoma)
• → German: Koma
• Greek: κώμα (kóma)
• → Hindi: कोमा (komā)
• → Hungarian: kóma
• → Italian: coma, ⇒ comatoso
• → Kazakh: кома (koma)
• → Kyrgyz: кома (koma)
• → Latvian: koma
• → Lithuanian: koma
• → Luxembourgish: Koma
• → Macedonian: ко́ма (kóma)
• → Norwegian Bokmål: koma
• → Persian: کما (komâ)
• → Polish: koma
• → Portuguese: coma
• → Romanian: comă
• → Russian: ко́ма (kóma)
• → Serbo-Croatian: koma
• → Slovak: kóma
• → Slovene: koma
• → Spanish: coma
• → Swedish: koma
• → Tajik: кома (koma)
• → Thai: โคม่า (koh-mâa)
• → Turkish: koma
• → Turkmen: koma
• → Ukrainian: ко́ма (kóma)
• → Urdu: کوما (komā)
• → Uzbek: koma
• → Welsh: côma

Further reading

• “κῶμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κῶμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “κῶμα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• κῶμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• κῶμα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “κῶμα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• “κῶμα”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011