κυρτός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The word remains without direct agreement. The comparison with Latin curvus (“curved”) presupposes that the Greek adjective continues a reduced grade *kʷr-to- with u coloring. As a u colored reduced grade is difficult, it is doubtful whether this comparison is valid at all. The comparison with κορώνη (korṓnē, “anything curved”) is also unfounded.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kyr.tós/ → /cyrˈtos/ → /cirˈtos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kyr.tós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kyrˈtos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /cyrˈtos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /cyrˈtos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /cirˈtos/

Adjective

κῠρτός • (kŭrtós) m (feminine κῠρτή, neuter κῠρτόν); first/second declension

1. bulging, swelling
2. arched, vaulted
3. humped, hunchbacked, gibbous

   Synonym: ὑβός (hubós)

4. convex, outcurved

   Antonym: κοῖλος (koîlos)

Inflection

First and second declension of κῠρτός; κῠρτή; κῠρτόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		κῠρτός kŭrtós	κῠρτή kŭrtḗ	κῠρτόν kŭrtón		κῠρτώ kŭrtṓ	κῠρτᾱ́ kŭrtā́	κῠρτώ kŭrtṓ		κῠρτοί kŭrtoí	κῠρταί kŭrtaí	κῠρτᾰ́ kŭrtắ
Genitive		κῠρτοῦ kŭrtoû	κῠρτῆς kŭrtês	κῠρτοῦ kŭrtoû		κῠρτοῖν kŭrtoîn	κῠρταῖν kŭrtaîn	κῠρτοῖν kŭrtoîn		κῠρτῶν kŭrtôn	κῠρτῶν kŭrtôn	κῠρτῶν kŭrtôn
Dative		κῠρτῷ kŭrtôi	κῠρτῇ kŭrtêi	κῠρτῷ kŭrtôi		κῠρτοῖν kŭrtoîn	κῠρταῖν kŭrtaîn	κῠρτοῖν kŭrtoîn		κῠρτοῖς kŭrtoîs	κῠρταῖς kŭrtaîs	κῠρτοῖς kŭrtoîs
Accusative		κῠρτόν kŭrtón	κῠρτήν kŭrtḗn	κῠρτόν kŭrtón		κῠρτώ kŭrtṓ	κῠρτᾱ́ kŭrtā́	κῠρτώ kŭrtṓ		κῠρτούς kŭrtoús	κῠρτᾱ́ς kŭrtā́s	κῠρτᾰ́ kŭrtắ
Vocative		κῠρτέ kŭrté	κῠρτή kŭrtḗ	κῠρτόν kŭrtón		κῠρτώ kŭrtṓ	κῠρτᾱ́ kŭrtā́	κῠρτώ kŭrtṓ		κῠρτοί kŭrtoí	κῠρταί kŭrtaí	κῠρτᾰ́ kŭrtắ
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		κῠρτῶς kŭrtôs				κῠρτότερος kŭrtóteros				κῠρτότᾰτος kŭrtótătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• κῠρταίνω (kŭrtaínō)
• κῠρταύχην (kŭrtaúkhēn)
• κῠρτοειδής (kŭrtoeidḗs)
• κῠρτότης (kŭrtótēs)
• κῠρτόω (kŭrtóō)
• κῠ́ρτωμᾰ (kŭ́rtōmă)
• κῠ́ρτωσῐς (kŭ́rtōsĭs)
• κῠρτωτός (kŭrtōtós)

Descendants

• Greek: κυρτός (kyrtós)

Further reading

• “κυρτός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κυρτός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “κυρτός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• κυρτός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• κυρτός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κυρτός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 808

Greek

Adjective

κυρτός • (kyrtós) m (feminine κυρτή, neuter κυρτό)

1. convex

Declension

Declension of κυρτός

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	κυρτός (kyrtós)	κυρτή (kyrtí)	κυρτό (kyrtó)		κυρτοί (kyrtoí)	κυρτές (kyrtés)	κυρτά (kyrtá)
genitive	κυρτού (kyrtoú)	κυρτής (kyrtís)	κυρτού (kyrtoú)		κυρτών (kyrtón)	κυρτών (kyrtón)	κυρτών (kyrtón)
accusative	κυρτό (kyrtó)	κυρτή (kyrtí)	κυρτό (kyrtó)		κυρτούς (kyrtoús)	κυρτές (kyrtés)	κυρτά (kyrtá)
vocative	κυρτέ (kyrté)	κυρτή (kyrtí)	κυρτό (kyrtó)		κυρτοί (kyrtoí)	κυρτές (kyrtés)	κυρτά (kyrtá)

Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κυρτός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κυρτός, etc.)

Antonyms

• κοίλος (koílos, “concave”)

Descendants

• Translingual: Cyrtandra