κοντός
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the o-grade κοντ‑ of the root κεντ‑ underlying κεντέω, -ῶ (kentéō, -ô, “prick”), κέντρον (kéntron, “centre”).[1]
The Hellenistic Koine "short" sense is derived from the ancient "pole" sense, which referred to shorter kinds of spears, poles, hence "(short) pole" > "shortness". Compare κοντοφόρος (kontophóros, “carrying a (short) pole”) in contrast to δορῠφόρος (doruphóros, “carrying a (long) spear”).[2]
Not related to ἀκόντιον (akóntion, “javelin”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kon.tós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /konˈtos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /konˈtos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /konˈtos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /konˈdos/
Adjective
[edit]κοντός • (kontós) m (feminine κοντή, neuter κοντόν); first/second declension (Koine)
Inflection
[edit]| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | κοντός kontós |
κοντή kontḗ |
κοντόν kontón |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντᾱ́ kontā́ |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντοί kontoí |
κονταί kontaí |
κοντᾰ́ kontá | |||||
| Genitive | κοντοῦ kontoû |
κοντῆς kontês |
κοντοῦ kontoû |
κοντοῖν kontoîn |
κονταῖν kontaîn |
κοντοῖν kontoîn |
κοντῶν kontôn |
κοντῶν kontôn |
κοντῶν kontôn | |||||
| Dative | κοντῷ kontôi |
κοντῇ kontêi |
κοντῷ kontôi |
κοντοῖν kontoîn |
κονταῖν kontaîn |
κοντοῖν kontoîn |
κοντοῖς kontoîs |
κονταῖς kontaîs |
κοντοῖς kontoîs | |||||
| Accusative | κοντόν kontón |
κοντήν kontḗn |
κοντόν kontón |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντᾱ́ kontā́ |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντούς kontoús |
κοντᾱ́ς kontā́s |
κοντᾰ́ kontá | |||||
| Vocative | κοντέ konté |
κοντή kontḗ |
κοντόν kontón |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντᾱ́ kontā́ |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντοί kontoí |
κονταί kontaí |
κοντᾰ́ kontá | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| κοντῶς kontôs |
κοντότερος kontóteros |
κοντότᾰτος kontótatos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Alternative forms
[edit]- κονδός (kondós)
Descendants
[edit]- Medieval and Modern Greek: κοντός (kontós) (sense: short)
Noun
[edit]κοντός • (kontós) m (genitive κοντοῦ); second declension
Inflection
[edit]| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ κοντός ho kontós |
τὼ κοντώ tṑ kontṓ |
οἱ κοντοί hoi kontoí | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ κοντοῦ toû kontoû |
τοῖν κοντοῖν toîn kontoîn |
τῶν κοντῶν tôn kontôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ κοντῷ tôi kontôi |
τοῖν κοντοῖν toîn kontoîn |
τοῖς κοντοῖς toîs kontoîs | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν κοντόν tòn kontón |
τὼ κοντώ tṑ kontṓ |
τοὺς κοντούς toùs kontoús | ||||||||||
| Vocative | κοντέ konté |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντοί kontoí | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Related terms
[edit]- κοντάριον (kontárion, diminutive)
- κοντᾰριοθήκη f (kontariothḗkē, “spear-case”)
- κονταφόρος m (kontaphóros), κοντοφόρος m (kontophóros, “carrying a (short) pole”)
- κόντῐλος (kóntilos, diminutive) (obscure sense)
- κοντοβολέω, ῶ (kontoboléō, ô, “strike with a pole”)
- κοντοκῠνηγέσιον n (kontokunēgésion, “hunt with pikes”)
- κοντοπαίκτης m (kontopaíktēs, “acrobat on a pole”)
- κοντοπλεύριον n (kontopleúrion, “short side”) (usually in plural)
- κοντοπορεία f (kontoporeía, “short road”)
- κόντωσις f (kóntōsis, “fishing with a pole”)
- κοντωτῐ́της m (kontōtítēs, “puntsman”)
- κοντωτός (kontōtós, “furnished with a pole”)
Descendants
[edit]- ⇒ Ancient Greek: κοντάριον (kontárion, diminutive)
- → Latin: contus
- → Arabic: قُنْطَرِيَّة (qunṭariyya)
See also
[edit]- Also see the different etymological field of ἀκόντιον n (akóntion, “javelin”)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κοντός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 747
- ^ κοντός - Babiniotis, Georgios (2010) Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre
- ^ κοντάριον - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)
Further reading
[edit]- “κοντός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κοντός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κοντός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κοντός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]- Sense pole: from Ancient Greek κοντός (“pole”) (noun).
- Sense short: from the Hellenistic Koine Greek κοντός (kontós, “short”) (adjective) from the ancient sense Ancient Greek κοντός (“pole”) which referred to shorter kinds of poles, hence the sense shortness.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]κοντός • (kontós) m (feminine κοντή, neuter κοντό)
Declension
[edit]Comparative κοντύτερος (kontýteros) & (and κοντότερος); no absolute superlative
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | κοντός (kontós) | κοντή (kontí) | κοντό (kontó) | κοντοί (kontoí) | κοντές (kontés) | κοντά (kontá) | |
| genitive | κοντού (kontoú) | κοντής (kontís) | κοντού (kontoú) | κοντών (kontón) | κοντών (kontón) | κοντών (kontón) | |
| accusative | κοντό (kontó) | κοντή (kontí) | κοντό (kontó) | κοντούς (kontoús) | κοντές (kontés) | κοντά (kontá) | |
| vocative | κοντέ (konté) | κοντή (kontí) | κοντό (kontó) | κοντοί (kontoí) | κοντές (kontés) | κοντά (kontá) | |
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κοντός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κοντός, etc.)
Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο κοντύτερος", etc) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms
[edit]- βραχύς (vrachýs, “short, brief”)
- βραχύσωμος (vrachýsomos, “with short body”)
Derived terms
[edit]- κοντά (kontá, “near”, adverb)
- κονταίνω (kontaíno, “shorten”)
- κοντεύω (kontévo)
- κοντινός (kontinós, “nearby, adjacent, close”)
- κοντο- (konto-, “short-”) compounds
See also
[edit]- απότομος (apótomos, “short conversationally”)
- λιγοστός (ligostós, “short, scarce”)
- μικρός (mikrós, “short in length”)
- σύντομος (sýntomos, “short in time”)
Noun
[edit]κοντός • (kontós) m
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | κοντός (kontós) | κοντοί (kontoí) |
| genitive | κοντού (kontoú) | κοντών (kontón) |
| accusative | κοντό (kontó) | κοντούς (kontoús) |
| vocative | κοντέ (konté) | κοντοί (kontoí) |
Derived terms
[edit]- άλμα επί κοντώ n (álma epí kontó, “pole vault”)
References
[edit]- ^ κοντός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Koine Greek
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- grc:Medicine
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms inherited from Koine Greek
- Greek terms derived from Koine Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek adjectives
- Greek adjectives in declension ός-ή-ό
- Greek nouns
- Greek masculine nouns
- Greek formal terms
- Greek nouns declining like 'αδελφός'