κίνδυνος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The connection with κίνδαξ (kíndax, “quick, nimble”), ὀνοκίνδιος (onokíndios, “donkey-driver”) is formally attractive. For the semantics, Prellwitz and Vendryes compare Latin sollicitus (“agitated, disturbed”), which is from sollus (“whole, entire”) + cieō (“move, stir, shake”). Attempts at an Indo-European etymology should be given up. The Pre-Greek character is clear in view of the ending -ῡν-.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kín.dyː.nos/ → /ˈcin.dy.nos/ → /ˈcin.di.nos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kín.dyː.nos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkin.dy.nos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈcin.dy.nos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈcin.dy.nos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈcin.di.nos/

Noun

κῐ́νδῡνος • (kíndūnos) m (genitive κῐνδῡ́νου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Doric, Koine)

1. danger, risk, hazard
2. trial, venture
3. battle

Declension

Second declension of ὁ κῐ́νδῡνος; τοῦ κῐνδῡ́νου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κῐ́νδῡνος ho kíndūnos	τὼ κῐνδῡ́νω tṑ kindū́nō	οἱ κῐ́νδῡνοι hoi kíndūnoi
Genitive	τοῦ κῐνδῡ́νου toû kindū́nou	τοῖν κῐνδῡ́νοιν toîn kindū́noin	τῶν κῐνδῡ́νων tôn kindū́nōn
Dative	τῷ κῐνδῡ́νῳ / κῐ́νδῡνῐ tôi kindū́nōi / kíndūni	τοῖν κῐνδῡ́νοιν toîn kindū́noin	τοῖς κῐνδῡ́νοις toîs kindū́nois
Accusative	τὸν κῐ́νδῡνον tòn kíndūnon	τὼ κῐνδῡ́νω tṑ kindū́nō	τοὺς κῐνδῡ́νους toùs kindū́nous
Vocative	κῐ́νδῡνε kíndūne	κῐνδῡ́νω kindū́nō	κῐ́νδῡνοι kíndūnoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἀκῐ́νδῡνος (akíndūnos)
• ἐπῐκῐ́νδῡνος (epikíndūnos)
• κῐνδῡ́νευμᾰ (kindū́neuma)
• κῐνδῡνευτής (kindūneutḗs)
• κῐνδῡνευτῐκός (kindūneutikós)
• κῐνδῡνεύω (kindūneúō)
• κῐνδῡνώδης (kindūnṓdēs)
• ῥῑψοκῐ́νδῡνος (rhīpsokíndūnos)
• ὑποκῐ́νδῡνος (hupokíndūnos)
• φῐλοκῐ́νδῡνος (philokíndūnos)

 

Further reading

• “κίνδυνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κίνδυνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• κίνδυνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• “κίνδυνος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2794 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • adventure idem, page 14.
  • danger idem, page 194.
  • hazard idem, page 389.
  • insecurity idem, page 444.
  • jeopardy idem, page 462.
  • peril idem, page 607.
  • risk idem, page 717.
  • tension idem, page 862.
  • venture idem, page 947.

Greek

Etymology

Ancient Greek κῐ́νδῡνος (kíndūnos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈcinðinos/
• Hyphenation: κίν‧δυ‧νος

Noun

κίνδυνος • (kíndynos) m (plural κίνδυνοι)

1. danger

Declension

Declension of κίνδυνος

	singular	plural
nominative	κίνδυνος (kíndynos)	κίνδυνοι (kíndynoi)
genitive	κινδύνου (kindýnou)	κινδύνων (kindýnon)
accusative	κίνδυνο (kíndyno)	κινδύνους (kindýnous)
vocative	κίνδυνε (kíndyne)	κίνδυνοι (kíndynoi)

Derived terms

• ακίνδυνος (akíndynos, “harmless”)
• επικίνδυνος (epikíndynos, “dangerous, risky, unsafe”)
• επικινδυνότητα f (epikindynótita)
• ριψοκίνδυνος (ripsokíndynos, “dangerous, hazardous, risky”)

Expressions

• δημόσιος κίνδυνος (dimósios kíndynos)
• έξοδος κινδύνου f (éxodos kindýnou, “emergency exit”)
• κώδωνας κινδύνου (kódonas kindýnou)

Related terms

• κινδυνεύω (kindynévo, “to be in danger”) and derivatives
• κινδυνολογώ (kindynologó)

Further reading

• κίνδυνος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el