θρύπτω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]This verb may derive from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewb- (“to crumble, grind”) and is compared to Latvian drubaža (“piece, fragment”), Proto-Slavic *drybati (“to scratch, scrumple”), Proto-Germanic *drupô (“drop”) and Old Irish drúcht (“dew”). It is probable that δρύπτω (drúptō, “to tear, strip”) was modelled on this verb. According to Beekes, we are probably dealing with a non-Indo-European substrate word.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tʰrýp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈtʰryp.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈθryp.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈθryp.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈθrip.to/
Verb
[edit]θρῠ́πτω • (thrúptō)
- to break in pieces, shatter
- (of air) to be dispersed
- (in moral sense) to enfeeble, by debauchery and luxury
- (passive voice) to be enervated, unmanned
- to wanton, riot, display moral weakness
- to be coy and prudish, bridle up
- to grow conceited in or of a thing
Inflection
[edit] Present: θρῠ́πτω, θρῠ́πτομαι
Imperfect: ἔθρῠπτον, ἐθρῠπτόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔθρῠπτον | ἔθρῠπτες | ἔθρῠπτε(ν) | ἐθρῠ́πτετον | ἐθρῠπτέτην | ἐθρῠ́πτομεν | ἐθρῠ́πτετε | ἔθρῠπτον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐθρῠπτόμην | ἐθρῠ́πτου | ἐθρῠ́πτετο | ἐθρῠ́πτεσθον | ἐθρῠπτέσθην | ἐθρῠπτόμεθᾰ | ἐθρῠ́πτεσθε | ἐθρῠ́πτοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | θρῠ́ψω | θρῠ́ψεις | θρῠ́ψει | θρῠ́ψετον | θρῠ́ψετον | θρῠ́ψομεν | θρῠ́ψετε | θρῠ́ψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | θρῠ́ψοιμῐ | θρῠ́ψοις | θρῠ́ψοι | θρῠ́ψοιτον | θρῠψοίτην | θρῠ́ψοιμεν | θρῠ́ψοιτε | θρῠ́ψοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | θρῠ́ψομαι | θρῠ́ψῃ, θρῠ́ψει |
θρῠ́ψεται | θρῠ́ψεσθον | θρῠ́ψεσθον | θρῠψόμεθᾰ | θρῠ́ψεσθε | θρῠ́ψονται | ||||
optative | θρῠψοίμην | θρῠ́ψοιο | θρῠ́ψοιτο | θρῠ́ψοισθον | θρῠψοίσθην | θρῠψοίμεθᾰ | θρῠ́ψοισθε | θρῠ́ψοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | θρῠφήσομαι | θρῠφήσῃ | θρῠφήσεται | θρῠφήσεσθον | θρῠφήσεσθον | θρῠφησόμεθᾰ | θρῠφήσεσθε | θρῠφήσονται | ||||
optative | θρῠφησοίμην | θρῠφήσοιο | θρῠφήσοιτο | θρῠφήσοισθον | θρῠφησοίσθην | θρῠφησοίμεθᾰ | θρῠφήσοισθε | θρῠφήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | θρῠ́ψειν | θρῠ́ψεσθαι | θρῠφήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | θρῠ́ψων | θρῠψόμενος | θρῠφησόμενος | |||||||||
f | θρῠ́ψουσᾰ | θρῠψομένη | θρῠφησομένη | ||||||||||
n | θρῠ́ψον | θρῠψόμενον | θρῠφησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: τέθρῠμμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | τέθρῠμμαι | τέθρῠψαι | τέθρῠπται | τέθρῠφθον | τέθρῠφθον | τεθρῠ́μμεθᾰ | τέθρῠφθε | τεθρῠ́φᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | τεθρῠμμένος ὦ | τεθρῠμμένος ᾖς | τεθρῠμμένος ᾖ | τεθρῠμμένω ἦτον | τεθρῠμμένω ἦτον | τεθρῠμμένοι ὦμεν | τεθρῠμμένοι ἦτε | τεθρῠμμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | τεθρῠμμένος εἴην | τεθρῠμμένος εἴης | τεθρῠμμένος εἴη | τεθρῠμμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | τεθρῠμμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | τεθρῠμμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | τεθρῠμμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | τεθρῠμμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | τέθρῠψο | τεθρῠ́φθω | τέθρῠφθον | τεθρῠ́φθων | τέθρῠφθε | τεθρῠ́φθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | τεθρῠ́φθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | τεθρῠμμένος | |||||||||||
f | τεθρῠμμένη | ||||||||||||
n | τεθρῠμμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀποθρῠ́πτω (apothrúptō)
- δῐᾰθρῠ́πτω (diathrúptō)
- ἐνθρῠ́πτω (enthrúptō)
- θρῠ́μμᾰ (thrúmma)
- θρῠ́πτᾰκον (thrúptakon)
- θρῠπτῐκός (thruptikós)
- θρῠ́ψῐς (thrúpsis)
- θρῠψῐχος (thrupsikhos)
- θρῠψῐ́χρως (thrupsíkhrōs)
- τρῠφή (truphḗ)
- τρῠ́φος (trúphos)
Further reading
[edit]- “θρύπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “θρύπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- θρύπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θρύπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 560