βαλανεῖον

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

βᾰλᾰνῖον (bălănîon), βᾰλᾰνῆον (bălănêon)

Etymology

Attempts have been made to connect with βάλανος (bálanos, “acorn”), but are semantically unconvincing. According to Beekes, considering the semantic category and lack of convincing Indo-European cognates, it is Pre-Greek,^[1] while Furnée compares Old Georgian აბანოჲ (abanoy, “bathroom”).^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ba.la.nêː.on/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ba.laˈni.on/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /βa.laˈni.on/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /va.laˈni.on/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /va.laˈni.on/

Noun

βᾰλᾰνεῖον • (bălăneîon) n (genitive βᾰλᾰνείου); second declension

bath, bathing room
Synonym: λουτρόν (loutrón)
bathhouse

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ βᾰλᾰνεῖον; τοῦ βᾰλᾰνείου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ βᾰλᾰνεῖον tò bălăneîon	τὼ βᾰλᾰνείω tṑ bălăneíō	τᾰ̀ βᾰλᾰνεῖᾰ tằ bălăneîă
Genitive	τοῦ βᾰλᾰνείου toû bălăneíou	τοῖν βᾰλᾰνείοιν toîn bălăneíoin	τῶν βᾰλᾰνείων tôn bălăneíōn
Dative	τῷ βᾰλᾰνείῳ tôi bălăneíōi	τοῖν βᾰλᾰνείοιν toîn bălăneíoin	τοῖς βᾰλᾰνείοις toîs bălăneíois
Accusative	τὸ βᾰλᾰνεῖον tò bălăneîon	τὼ βᾰλᾰνείω tṑ bălăneíō	τᾰ̀ βᾰλᾰνεῖᾰ tằ bălăneîă
Vocative	βᾰλᾰνεῖον bălăneîon	βᾰλᾰνείω bălăneíō	βᾰλᾰνεῖᾰ bălăneîă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

βᾰλᾰνειόμφᾰλος (bălăneiómphălos)
βᾰλᾰνείτης (bălăneítēs)
βᾰλᾰνεύς (bălăneús)
βᾰλᾰνευτής (bălăneutḗs)
βᾰλᾰνευτῐκός (bălăneutĭkós)
βᾰλᾰνεύω (bălăneúō)

Descendants

Latin: balneum, balineum, balneus, baneum (nonstandard)
- Italo-Dalmatian:
  - Corsican: bagnu
  - Italian: bagno (see there for further descendants)
  - Neapolitan: bagno, vagnu
  - Sicilian: vagnu
  - Venetan: bagno
- Rhaeto-Romance:
  - Friulian: bagn
  - Romansch: bogn
- Gallo-Italic:
  - Lombard: bagne
- Gallo-Romance:
  - Catalan: bany
  - Occitan: banh
  - Old French: bain
    - French: bain
    - Walloon: bagn
    - → Middle English: bain
      - English: bain
- Ibero-Romance:
  - Asturian: bañu
  - Old Galician-Portuguese: banno
    - Galician: baño
    - Portuguese: banho
  - Old Spanish: banno
    - Ladino: banyo
    - Spanish: baño
- Borrowings:
  - → Albanian: banjë
  - → Proto-Slavic: *baňa (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Armenian: բաղանիք (bałanikʻ), բաղանի (bałani) — singular form attested once
- Armenian: բաղնիք (baġnikʻ)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βαλανεῖον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195
^ Furnée, Edzard Johan (1979) Vorgriechisch-Kartvelisches: Studien zum ostmediterranen Substrat nebst einem Versuch zu einer neuen pelasgischen Theorie (in German), Editions Peeters, →ISBN, page 37