wis
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Middle English wis (“certain, sure”), from an aphetic form of Middle English iwis, ywis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)), or of North Germanic origin, cognate with Icelandic viss (“certain, sure”), Dutch gewis (“certain, sure”), and German gewiss (“certain, sure”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz. More at iwis.
Adverb
[edit]wis (comparative more wis, superlative most wis)
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Certainly, surely.
- 1884, Charlotte Mary Yonge, The armourer's prentices:
- So I wis would the Dragon under him […]
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Really, truly.
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Indeed.
- c. 1368-1372, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess:
- As wis God help me.
Derived terms
[edit]Adjective
[edit]wis (comparative more wis, superlative most wis)
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Certain.
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Sure.
- He was wis on his word.
- I am wis that it will happen.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From an incorrect division, mistaking iwis (“certain”) for I wis (“I know”). See ywis for more information. The German verb wissen may appear similar, but in fact corresponds etymologically to the English verb wit; both of those verbs ultimately descend from the same Proto-Indo-European root as this one.
Verb
[edit]wis (third-person singular simple present wis, no present participle, no simple past, past participle wist or wissed)
- (obsolete or archaic) To know.
- c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ix]:
- "The fire seven times tried this: / Seven times tried that judgement is, / That did never choose amiss. / Some there be that shadows kiss: / Such have but a shadow's bliss. / There be fools alive, I wis, / Silver'd o'er; and so was this. / I will ever be your head: / So be gone: you are sped."
- (obsolete or archaic) To think, suppose.
- 1850, Robert Browning, “(please specify the page)”, in Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day. A Poem, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:
- Howe'er you wis.
- (obsolete or archaic) To imagine, ween; to deem.
- 1889, Harriet McEwen Kimball, Poems, "In the Garden":
- And oh, that I should see that star remote / Yet His near Glory miss / Whereto the sun itself and stars do float / As motes, I wis!
- 1797, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Christabel. Part I.”, in Christabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision: The Pains of Sleep, London: […] John Murray, […], by William Bulmer and Co. […], published 1816, →OCLC, page 8:
- As sure as Heaven shall rescue me, / I have no thought what men they be; / Nor do I know how long it is / (For I have lain in fits, I wis) […]
Anagrams
[edit]Afrikaans
[edit]Verb
[edit]wis
Chuukese
[edit]Noun
[edit]wis
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Derived from Proto-Germanic *wissaz, past participle of *witaną. See gewis.
Adjective
[edit]wis (not comparable)
Declension
[edit]Declension of wis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | wis | |||
inflected | wisse | |||
comparative | — | |||
positive | ||||
predicative/adverbial | wis | |||
indefinite | m./f. sing. | wisse | ||
n. sing. | wis | |||
plural | wisse | |||
definite | wisse | |||
partitive | wis |
Descendants
[edit]- Afrikaans: wis
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Middle Dutch wisch, from Old Dutch *wisk, from Proto-Germanic *wiskaz (“bundle of straw, hay”).
Noun
[edit]wis f or m (plural wissen, diminutive wisje n)
Etymology 3
[edit]Verb
[edit]wis
- inflection of wissen:
Gothic
[edit]Romanization
[edit]wis
- Romanization of 𐍅𐌹𐍃
Javanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]wis
- Romanization of ꦮꦶꦱ꧀
Kabyle
[edit]Particle
[edit]wis (feminine tis)
- -th, forms ordinal numerals by preceding a cardinal numeral
Usage notes
[edit]- The particle agrees in gender with its associated noun. If this noun is feminine, the particle has a feminine form tis.
- The particle may be used before both native Kabyle numerals and Arabic-derived numerals.
- The particle is not used before yiwen (“one”). The adjective amezwaru (“first”) is used instead of such an ordinal.
Old Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see, to know”).
Adjective
[edit]wīs
Inflection
[edit]strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
case | masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | ||
nominative | wīs | wīs | wīs | wīsa, wīse | ||
accusative | wīsan, wīsen | wīsa | wīs | wīsa, wīse | ||
genitive | wīses | wīsero | wīses | wīsero | ||
dative | wīsin, wīsemo | wīsero | wīsin, wīsemo | wīson | ||
weak declension | ||||||
case | masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | ||
nominative | wīso | wīsa | wīsa | wīson | ||
accusative | wīson | wīson | wīsa | wīson | ||
genitive | wīsin | wīson | wīsin | wīsono | ||
dative | wīsin | wīson | wīsin | wīson |
Descendants
[edit]- Middle Dutch: wijs
Further reading
[edit]- “wīs”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old High German wīs and Old Norse víss.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]wīs (comparative wīsra, superlative wīsest)
- wise
- 10th century, The Wanderer:
- forþon ne mæġ wearþan wīs · wer, ǣr hē āge
wintra dǣl in woruldrīċe. · Wita sċeal ġeþyldiġ.- thus a man cannot become wise, before he would own
a part of years in world-kingdom. A wise man must be patient.
- thus a man cannot become wise, before he would own
Declension
[edit]Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | wīs | wīs | wīs |
Accusative | wīsne | wīse | wīs |
Genitive | wīses | wīsre | wīses |
Dative | wīsum | wīsre | wīsum |
Instrumental | wīse | wīsre | wīse |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | wīse | wīsa, wīse | wīs |
Accusative | wīse | wīsa, wīse | wīs |
Genitive | wīsra | wīsra | wīsra |
Dative | wīsum | wīsum | wīsum |
Instrumental | wīsum | wīsum | wīsum |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Old High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old English wīs and Old Norse víss.
Adjective
[edit]wīs
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Old Saxon
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old English wīs, Old High German wīs and Old Norse víss.
Adjective
[edit]wīs
Declension
[edit]Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | wis | wise, wisa | wis | wisa | wis | wis, wisa |
accusative | wisan, wisen | wisa, wise | wisa | wisa | wis | wis, wisa |
genitive | wises, wisas | wisaro, wisoro, wisero | wisara, wisaro | wisaro, wisoro, wisero | wises, wisas | wisaro, wisoro, wisero |
dative | wisumu, wisum, wisun, wisun, wison, wisen, wisan | wisun, wison, wisum | wisaro, wisaru, wisara | wisun, wison | wisumu, wisum, wisun, wisun, wison, wisen, wisan | wisun, wison, wisum |
Weak declension | ||||||
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | wiso, wisa | wison, wisun | wisa, wise | wison, wisun, wisan | wisa, wise | wison, wisun |
accusative | wison, wisan | wison, wisun | wisun, wison, wisan | wison, wisun, wisan | wisa, wise | wison, wisun |
genitive | wisen, wisan | wisono, wiseno | wisun, wisan, wisen | wisono | wisen, wisan | wisono, wiseno |
dative | wison, wisen, wisan | wison, wisun | wisun, wisan | wison, wisun | wison, wisen, wisan | wison, wisun |
Weak declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | wisoro, wisora | wisoron, wisorun | wisora, wisore | wisoron, wisorun, wisoran | wisora, wisore | wisoron, wisorun |
accusative | wisoron, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun | wisorun, wisoron, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun, wisoran | wisora, wisore | wisoron, wisorun |
genitive | wisoren, wisoran | wisorono, wisoreno | wisorun, wisoran, wisoren | wisorono | wisoren, wisoran | wisorono, wisoreno |
dative | wisoron, wisoren, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun | wisorun, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun | wisoron, wisoren, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun |
Descendants
[edit]- Middle Low German: wīs
Scots
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Compare West Frisian wie.
Verb
[edit]wis
- simple past tense of be
Usage notes
[edit]Wis is used with singular pronouns and plural nouns, and wis, war or wir are used with plural pronouns.
See also
[edit]Tagalog
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈwis/ [ˈwis]
- Rhymes: -is
- Syllabification: wis
Pronoun
[edit]wis (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜒᜐ᜔)
West Frisian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]See witte (“to know, be sure”). Cognate with English wis.
Adjective
[edit]wis
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of wis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | wis | |||
inflected | wisse | |||
comparative | wisser | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | wis | wisser | it wist it wiste | |
indefinite | c. sing. | wisse | wissere | wiste |
n. sing. | wis | wisser | wiste | |
plural | wisse | wissere | wiste | |
definite | wisse | wissere | wiste | |
partitive | wis | wissers | — |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “wis (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/aɪs
- Rhymes:English/aɪs/1 syllable
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms derived from North Germanic languages
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English lemmas
- English adverbs
- English terms with rare senses
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English dialectal terms
- English terms with quotations
- English adjectives
- English terms with usage examples
- English verbs
- English terms with archaic senses
- English three-letter words
- Afrikaans non-lemma forms
- Afrikaans verb forms
- Chuukese lemmas
- Chuukese nouns
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪs
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪs/1 syllable
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch adjectives
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch feminine nouns
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Dutch nouns with multiple genders
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Javanese non-lemma forms
- Javanese romanizations
- Kabyle lemmas
- Kabyle particles
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch adjectives
- Old Dutch a-stem adjectives
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English adjectives
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German adjectives
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon adjectives
- Scots non-lemma forms
- Scots verb forms
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/is
- Rhymes:Tagalog/is/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog pronouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog gay slang
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian adjectives