turmella

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Finnish

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Etymology

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turma +‎ -ella

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈturmelːɑˣ/, [ˈt̪urme̞lːɑ̝(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -urmelːɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): tur‧mel‧la

Verb

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turmella

  1. to damage, mar, ruin
  2. to taint, corrupt
  3. to disfigure (to change the appearance of something/someone to the negative)
    Palohaavat turmelivat hänen kasvonsa.
    The burnings disfigured his face.

Conjugation

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Inflection of turmella (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. turmelen en turmele 1st sing. olen turmellut en ole turmellut
2nd sing. turmelet et turmele 2nd sing. olet turmellut et ole turmellut
3rd sing. turmelee ei turmele 3rd sing. on turmellut ei ole turmellut
1st plur. turmelemme emme turmele 1st plur. olemme turmelleet emme ole turmelleet
2nd plur. turmelette ette turmele 2nd plur. olette turmelleet ette ole turmelleet
3rd plur. turmelevat eivät turmele 3rd plur. ovat turmelleet eivät ole turmelleet
passive turmellaan ei turmella passive on turmeltu ei ole turmeltu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. turmelin en turmellut 1st sing. olin turmellut en ollut turmellut
2nd sing. turmelit et turmellut 2nd sing. olit turmellut et ollut turmellut
3rd sing. turmeli ei turmellut 3rd sing. oli turmellut ei ollut turmellut
1st plur. turmelimme emme turmelleet 1st plur. olimme turmelleet emme olleet turmelleet
2nd plur. turmelitte ette turmelleet 2nd plur. olitte turmelleet ette olleet turmelleet
3rd plur. turmelivat eivät turmelleet 3rd plur. olivat turmelleet eivät olleet turmelleet
passive turmeltiin ei turmeltu passive oli turmeltu ei ollut turmeltu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. turmelisin en turmelisi 1st sing. olisin turmellut en olisi turmellut
2nd sing. turmelisit et turmelisi 2nd sing. olisit turmellut et olisi turmellut
3rd sing. turmelisi ei turmelisi 3rd sing. olisi turmellut ei olisi turmellut
1st plur. turmelisimme emme turmelisi 1st plur. olisimme turmelleet emme olisi turmelleet
2nd plur. turmelisitte ette turmelisi 2nd plur. olisitte turmelleet ette olisi turmelleet
3rd plur. turmelisivat eivät turmelisi 3rd plur. olisivat turmelleet eivät olisi turmelleet
passive turmeltaisiin ei turmeltaisi passive olisi turmeltu ei olisi turmeltu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. turmele älä turmele 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. turmelkoon älköön turmelko 3rd sing. olkoon turmellut älköön olko turmellut
1st plur. turmelkaamme älkäämme turmelko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. turmelkaa älkää turmelko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. turmelkoot älkööt turmelko 3rd plur. olkoot turmelleet älkööt olko turmelleet
passive turmeltakoon älköön turmeltako passive olkoon turmeltu älköön olko turmeltu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. turmellen en turmelle 1st sing. lienen turmellut en liene turmellut
2nd sing. turmellet et turmelle 2nd sing. lienet turmellut et liene turmellut
3rd sing. turmellee ei turmelle 3rd sing. lienee turmellut ei liene turmellut
1st plur. turmellemme emme turmelle 1st plur. lienemme turmelleet emme liene turmelleet
2nd plur. turmellette ette turmelle 2nd plur. lienette turmelleet ette liene turmelleet
3rd plur. turmellevat eivät turmelle 3rd plur. lienevät turmelleet eivät liene turmelleet
passive turmeltaneen ei turmeltane passive lienee turmeltu ei liene turmeltu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st turmella present turmeleva turmeltava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st turmellakseni turmellaksemme
2nd turmellaksesi turmellaksenne
3rd turmellakseen
turmellaksensa
past turmellut turmeltu
2nd inessive2 turmellessa turmeltaessa agent4 turmelema
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st turmellessani turmellessamme
2nd turmellessasi turmellessanne
3rd turmellessaan
turmellessansa
negative turmelematon
instructive turmellen —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive turmelemassa —
elative turmelemasta —
illative turmelemaan —
adessive turmelemalla —
abessive turmelematta —
instructive turmeleman turmeltaman
4th3 verbal noun turmeleminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st turmelemaisillani turmelemaisillamme
2nd turmelemaisillasi turmelemaisillanne
3rd turmelemaisillaan
turmelemaisillansa

Derived terms

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Further reading

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