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sverja

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Old Norse sverja, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer-.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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sverja (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative sór, third-person plural past indicative sóru, supine svarið)

  1. to swear (make an oath)

Conjugation

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Norse sverja, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną.

Verb

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sverja (present tense sver, past tense svor, past participle svore, passive infinitive sverjast, present participle sverjande, imperative sver)

  1. to swear

References

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Old Norse

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer-. Cognate with Old English swerian ( > English swear), Old Frisian swera ( > West Frisian swarre) Old Saxon swerian ( > Low German swören, sweren), Old High German sweren, swerien ( > German schwören), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (swaran).

Verb

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sverja (singular present indicative sverr, singular past indicative svarði or sór, plural past indicative sóru, past participle svarinn)

  1. to swear

Conjugation

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The verb can be conjugated either as a class 6 strong verb, or as a class 1 weak short-stem verb (retaining the strong present participle).

Conjugation of sverja — active (weak class 1)
infinitive sverja
present participle sverjandi
past participle svarinn
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular sver svarða sverja sverða
2nd person singular sverr svarðir sverir sverðir
3rd person singular sverr svarði sveri sverði
1st person plural sverjum svǫrðum sverim sverðim
2nd person plural sverið svǫrðuð sverið sverðið
3rd person plural sverja svǫrðu sveri sverði
imperative present
2nd person singular sver
1st person plural sverjum
2nd person plural sverið
Conjugation of sverja — mediopassive (weak class 1)
infinitive sverjask
present participle sverjandisk
past participle svarizk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular sverjumk svǫrðumk sverjumk sverðumk
2nd person singular sversk svarðisk sverisk sverðisk
3rd person singular sversk svarðisk sverisk sverðisk
1st person plural sverjumsk svǫrðumsk sverimsk sverðimsk
2nd person plural sverizk svǫrðuzk sverizk sverðizk
3rd person plural sverjask svǫrðusk sverisk sverðisk
imperative present
2nd person singular sversk
1st person plural sverjumsk
2nd person plural sverizk
Conjugation of sverja — active (strong class 6)
infinitive sverja
present participle sverjandi
past participle svarinn
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular sver sór sverja sœra
2nd person singular sverr sórt sverir sœrir
3rd person singular sverr sór sveri sœri
1st person plural sverjum sórum sverim sœrim
2nd person plural sverið sóruð sverið sœrið
3rd person plural sverja sóru sveri sœri
imperative present
2nd person singular sver
1st person plural sverjum
2nd person plural sverið
Conjugation of sverja — mediopassive (strong class 6)
infinitive sverjask
present participle sverjandisk
past participle svarizk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular sverjumk sórumk sverjumk sœrumk
2nd person singular sversk sórzk sverisk sœrisk
3rd person singular sversk sórsk sverisk sœrisk
1st person plural sverjumsk sórumsk sverimsk sœrimsk
2nd person plural sverizk sóruzk sverizk sœrizk
3rd person plural sverjask sórusk sverisk sœrisk
imperative present
2nd person singular sversk
1st person plural sverjumsk
2nd person plural sverizk

Descendants

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Further reading

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  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “sverja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive