sverja

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse sverja, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsvɛrja/
• Rhymes: -ɛrja

Verb

sverja (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative sór, third-person plural past indicative sóru, supine svarið)

1. to swear (make an oath)

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• sverje (e infinitive)

Etymology

From Old Norse sverja, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną.

Verb

sverja (present tense sver, past tense svor, past participle svore, passive infinitive sverjast, present participle sverjande, imperative sver)

1. to swear

References

• “sverja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer-. Cognate with Old English swerian ( > English swear), Old Frisian swera ( > West Frisian swarre) Old Saxon swerian ( > Low German swören, sweren), Old High German sweren, swerien ( > German schwören), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (swaran).

Verb

sverja (singular present indicative sverr, singular past indicative svarði or sór, plural past indicative sóru, past participle svarinn)

1. to swear

Conjugation

The verb can be conjugated either as a class 6 strong verb, or as a class 1 weak short-stem verb (retaining the strong present participle).

Conjugation of sverja — active (weak class 1)

infinitive	sverja
present participle	sverjandi
past participle	svarinn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	sver	svarða
2nd-person singular	sverr	svarðir
3rd-person singular	sverr	svarði
1st-person plural	sverjum	svǫrðum
2nd-person plural	sverið	svǫrðuð
3rd-person plural	sverja	svǫrðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	sverja	sverða
2nd-person singular	sverir	sverðir
3rd-person singular	sveri	sverði
1st-person plural	sverim	sverðim
2nd-person plural	sverið	sverðið
3rd-person plural	sveri	sverði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	sver
1st-person plural	sverjum
2nd-person plural	sverið

Conjugation of sverja — mediopassive (weak class 1)

infinitive	sverjask
present participle	sverjandisk
past participle	svarizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	sverjumk	svǫrðumk
2nd-person singular	sversk	svarðisk
3rd-person singular	sversk	svarðisk
1st-person plural	sverjumsk	svǫrðumsk
2nd-person plural	sverizk	svǫrðuzk
3rd-person plural	sverjask	svǫrðusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	sverjumk	sverðumk
2nd-person singular	sverisk	sverðisk
3rd-person singular	sverisk	sverðisk
1st-person plural	sverimsk	sverðimsk
2nd-person plural	sverizk	sverðizk
3rd-person plural	sverisk	sverðisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	sversk
1st-person plural	sverjumsk
2nd-person plural	sverizk

Conjugation of sverja — active (strong class 6)

infinitive	sverja
present participle	sverjandi
past participle	svarinn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	sver	sór
2nd-person singular	sverr	sórt
3rd-person singular	sverr	sór
1st-person plural	sverjum	sórum
2nd-person plural	sverið	sóruð
3rd-person plural	sverja	sóru
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	sverja	sœra
2nd-person singular	sverir	sœrir
3rd-person singular	sveri	sœri
1st-person plural	sverim	sœrim
2nd-person plural	sverið	sœrið
3rd-person plural	sveri	sœri
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	sver
1st-person plural	sverjum
2nd-person plural	sverið

Conjugation of sverja — mediopassive (strong class 6)

infinitive	sverjask
present participle	sverjandisk
past participle	svarizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	sverjumk	sórumk
2nd-person singular	sversk	sórzk
3rd-person singular	sversk	sórsk
1st-person plural	sverjumsk	sórumsk
2nd-person plural	sverizk	sóruzk
3rd-person plural	sverjask	sórusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	sverjumk	sœrumk
2nd-person singular	sverisk	sœrisk
3rd-person singular	sverisk	sœrisk
1st-person plural	sverimsk	sœrimsk
2nd-person plural	sverizk	sœrizk
3rd-person plural	sverisk	sœrisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	sversk
1st-person plural	sverjumsk
2nd-person plural	sverizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: sverja
• Faroese: svørja
• Norwegian Nynorsk: sverja
• Elfdalian: swera
• Old Swedish: sværia
  • Swedish: svära, svärja, ſwaͤrja
• Scanian: sværa
• Old Danish: swæriæ, swæræ
  • Danish: sværge
    • Norwegian Bokmål: sverge
• Gutnish: sväre

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “sverja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive