secundus

See also: Secundus

Latin

Latin numbers ^(edit)

	20[a], [b], [c], [d], [e]
←  1	II 2	3  →
Cardinal: duo     Ordinal: secundus, alter     Adverbial: bis     Proportional: duplus     Multiplier: duplex, alterplex, biplex     Distributive: bīnus     Collective: bīniō     Fractional: dīmidius, sēmis

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sekʷondo- (literally “that follows”); equivalent to sequor (“to follow”) +‎ -undus. The positive meanings "favourable, fair" come from the notion of the wind or current following you from behind.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /seˈkun.dus/, [s̠ɛˈkʊn̪d̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /seˈkun.dus/, [seˈkun̪d̪us]

Numeral

secundus (feminine secunda, neuter secundum); first/second-declension numeral

1. second, the ordinal number after prīmus (“first”) and before tertius (“third”)

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	secundus	secunda	secundum		secundī	secundae	secunda
genitive	secundī	secundae	secundī		secundōrum	secundārum	secundōrum
dative	secundō	secundae	secundō		secundīs
accusative	secundum	secundam	secundum		secundōs	secundās	secunda
ablative	secundō	secundā	secundō		secundīs
vocative	secunde	secunda	secundum		secundī	secundae	secunda

Derived terms

• secundī decennālēs

 

Descendants

• → Albanian: sekondë
• Catalan: segon, segó
• → English: second
• French: second, son
• Galician: segundo
• Italian: secondo
• Ladin: segondo
• Old Occitan: segon
  • Occitan: segon
• Portuguese: segundo
• Romanian: secund
• Scots: seicont
• Spanish: segundo
• → Võro: sekond

Adjective

secundus (feminine secunda, neuter secundum, comparative secundior, superlative secundissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. next, following

   Synonym: posterior

2. according to (with object in accusative case)
3. second
4. secondary, subordinate, inferior

   Synonym: posterior

5. (nautical) favourable, fair (of weather, seas)
6. (military) fortunate, lucky, victorious, successful (of battle--secundis proeliis)
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.29:

     Errare, si qui in bello omnes secundos rerum proventus exspectent

     If whoever expects every events in the war to be favorable, erred

7. (poetic) propitious, favorable, fortunate

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	secundus	secunda	secundum		secundī	secundae	secunda
genitive	secundī	secundae	secundī		secundōrum	secundārum	secundōrum
dative	secundō	secundae	secundō		secundīs
accusative	secundum	secundam	secundum		secundōs	secundās	secunda
ablative	secundō	secundā	secundō		secundīs
vocative	secunde	secunda	secundum		secundī	secundae	secunda

Descendants

• Catalan: segon, segó
• English: second (borrowed)
• French: second, son
• Italian: secondo
• Portuguese: segundo
• Romanian: secund
• Scots: seicont
• Sicilian: sicunnu
• Spanish: según, segundo

Related terms

• secundārius
• sequī

Further reading

• “secundus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “secundus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• secundus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• secundus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to have favourable, contrary, winds: ventis secundis, adversis uti
    
  • to be fortunate, lucky: fortuna secunda uti
    
  • to be puffed up by success; to be made arrogant by prosperity: rebus secundis efferri
    
  • the actor who plays the leading part: actor primarum (secundarum, tertiarum) partium
    
  • the dessert: secunda mensa (Att. 14. 6. 2)
    
  • to fight successfully: proeliis secundis uti
    
  • (ambiguous) with the stream; downstream: flumine secundo
    
• “secundus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “secundus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray