schallen
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Dutch scellen (“loud sound”), from Old Dutch skellan, from Proto-West Germanic *skellan, from Proto-Germanic *skellaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to shout”).[1][2]
Cognate with Old English scellan (“to sound, make a noise”) and German schallen (“to sound, to resound”). Also see Old Norse skjalla (“to clatter”), Old English hlowan.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]schallen
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of schallen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | schallen | |||
past singular | schalde | |||
past participle | geschald | |||
infinitive | schallen | |||
gerund | schallen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | schal | schalde | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | schalt, schal2 | schalde | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | schalt | schalde | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | schalt | schalde | ||
3rd person singular | schalt | schalde | ||
plural | schallen | schalden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | schalle | schalde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | schallen | schalden | ||
imperative sing. | schal | |||
imperative plur.1 | schalt | |||
participles | schallend | geschald | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Synonyms
[edit]- (to sound loudly): luiden
- (to resound): galmen, nagalmen, weergalmen, echoën
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “schallen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1498”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1498
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German schallen, from the root of Schall (“sound”). The Grimms have it as corrupt form of Middle High German schëllen (inflected schal, geschollen),[1] from Proto-West Germanic *skellan, from Proto-Germanic *skellaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]schallen (weak or irregular strong, third-person singular present schallt, past tense schallte or (less common) scholl, past participle geschallt, past subjunctive schallte or (less common) schölle, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to sound, ring (out)
- 1942, Stefan Zweig, Die Welt von Gestern […] [The World of Yesterday][1]:
- […] ebenso glücklich waren wie wir selbst, wenn mittags die Schulglocke scholl, die ihnen und uns die Freiheit gab.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
[edit]The weak (regular) forms are more common.
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | schallen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | schallend | ||||
past participle | geschallt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich schalle | wir schallen | i | ich schalle | wir schallen |
du schallst | ihr schallt | du schallest | ihr schallet | ||
er schallt | sie schallen | er schalle | sie schallen | ||
preterite | ich schallte ich scholl1 |
wir schallten wir schollen1 |
ii | ich schallte2 ich schölle1,2 |
wir schallten2 wir schöllen1,2 |
du schalltest du schollst1 |
ihr schalltet ihr schollt1 |
du schalltest2 du schöllest1,2 du schöllst1,2 |
ihr schalltet2 ihr schöllet1,2 ihr schöllt1,2 | ||
er schallte er scholl1 |
sie schallten sie schollen1 |
er schallte2 er schölle1,2 |
sie schallten2 sie schöllen1,2 | ||
imperative | schall (du) schalle (du) |
schallt (ihr) |
1Less common.
2Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “schallen” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
Further reading
[edit]- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑlən
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑlən/2 syllables
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch verbs
- Dutch weak verbs
- Dutch basic verbs
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German strong verbs
- German irregular strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German intransitive verbs
- German terms with quotations