Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skellaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, to shout, to sound”) with a s-mobile. Cognate with Latvian skaļš (“loud; noisy”) and Russian скули́ть (skulítʹ, “to whine”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskel.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skellaną

1. to sound, clatter, ring

Inflection

Conjugation of *skellaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skellō	*skellaų	—	*skellai	?
2nd singular	*skillizi	*skellaiz	*skell	*skellazai	*skellaizau
3rd singular	*skillidi	*skellai	*skelladau	*skelladai	*skellaidau
1st dual	*skellōz	*skellaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skelladiz	*skellaidiz	*skelladiz	—	—
1st plural	*skellamaz	*skellaim	—	*skellandai	*skellaindau
2nd plural	*skillid	*skellaid	*skillid	*skellandai	*skellaindau
3rd plural	*skellandi	*skellain	*skellandau	*skellandai	*skellaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skall	*skullį̄
2nd singular	*skallt	*skullīz
3rd singular	*skall	*skullī
1st dual	*skullū	*skullīw
2nd dual	*skulludiz	*skullīdiz
1st plural	*skullum	*skullīm
2nd plural	*skullud	*skullīd
3rd plural	*skullun	*skullīn
	present	past
participles	*skellandz	*skullanaz

Related terms

• *skallijaną
• *skalliz (“clangor, sound; clattering, ringing”)
• *hlōaną
• *halliz (“resounding”)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skellan
  • Old English: scellan, scillan
  • Old Saxon: *skellan
    • Middle Low German: schellen
  • Old Dutch: skellan
    • Middle Dutch: schellen
      • Dutch: schellen
  • Old High German: skellan
    • Middle High German: schellen
      • German: schellen
• Old Norse: skjalla
  • Icelandic: skella
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Nynorsk: skjella, skjelle

    Norwegian Bokmål: skjelle

Further reading

• Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SKELL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, pages 412-13