relinquo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *wrelinkʷō. Equivalent to re- +‎ linquō (“I leave, forsake”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /reˈlin.kʷoː/, [rɛˈlʲɪŋkʷoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /reˈlin.kwo/, [reˈliŋkwo]

Verb

relinquō (present infinitive relinquere, perfect active relīquī, supine relictum); third conjugation

1. to abandon, relinquish, forsake, leave (behind), depart (from), give up, desert

   Synonyms: dēserō, omittō, dēdō, concēdō, dēcēdō, dēstituō, dēficiō, oblīvīscor, cēdō, linquō, dēsinō, trānsmittō, dissimulō, trādō, addīcō, praetereō, neglegō, pōnō, reddō, remittō, permittō, tribuō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.281–282:

     Ārdet abīre fugā dulcisque relinquere terrās,
     attonitus tantō monitū imperiōque deōrum.

     [Aeneas] burns to flee, escape, and leave behind the pleasant lands [of Libya], stunned by such a warning – and by order of the gods!
     (Mercury has delivered Jupiter’s command: Aeneas must leave Carthage and fulfill his destiny in Italy.)

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.9.6:

     relinquite īnfantiam, et vīvite, et ambulātē per viās prūdentiae

     Forsake childishness, and live, and walk by the ways of prudence. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.; 1752 CE)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of relinquō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	relinquō		relinquis		relinquit		relinquimus		relinquitis		relinquunt
	imperfect	relinquēbam		relinquēbās		relinquēbat		relinquēbāmus		relinquēbātis		relinquēbant
	future	relinquam		relinquēs		relinquet		relinquēmus		relinquētis		relinquent
	perfect	relīquī		relīquistī		relīquit		relīquimus		relīquistis		relīquērunt, relīquēre
	pluperfect	relīqueram		relīquerās		relīquerat		relīquerāmus		relīquerātis		relīquerant
	future perfect	relīquerō		relīqueris		relīquerit		relīquerimus		relīqueritis		relīquerint
passive	present	relinquor		relinqueris, relinquere		relinquitur		relinquimur		relinquiminī		relinquuntur
	imperfect	relinquēbar		relinquēbāris, relinquēbāre		relinquēbātur		relinquēbāmur		relinquēbāminī		relinquēbantur
	future	relinquar		relinquēris, relinquēre		relinquētur		relinquēmur		relinquēminī		relinquentur
	perfect	relictus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	relictus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	relictus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	relinquam		relinquās		relinquat		relinquāmus		relinquātis		relinquant
	imperfect	relinquerem		relinquerēs		relinqueret		relinquerēmus		relinquerētis		relinquerent
	perfect	relīquerim		relīquerīs		relīquerit		relīquerīmus		relīquerītis		relīquerint
	pluperfect	relīquissem		relīquissēs		relīquisset		relīquissēmus		relīquissētis		relīquissent
passive	present	relinquar		relinquāris, relinquāre		relinquātur		relinquāmur		relinquāminī		relinquantur
	imperfect	relinquerer		relinquerēris, relinquerēre		relinquerētur		relinquerēmur		relinquerēminī		relinquerentur
	perfect	relictus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	relictus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		relinque		—		—		relinquite		—
	future	—		relinquitō		relinquitō		—		relinquitōte		relinquuntō
passive	present	—		relinquere		—		—		relinquiminī		—
	future	—		relinquitor		relinquitor		—		—		relinquuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		relinquere			relinquī			relinquēns			—
future		relictūrum esse			relictum īrī			relictūrus			relinquendus
perfect		relīquisse			relictum esse			—			relictus
future perfect		—			relictum fore			—			—
perfect potential		relictūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		relinquendī		relinquendō		relinquendum		relinquendō		relictum		relictū

Derived terms

• nuces relinquere
• reliquiae
• derelinquo

Descendants

• Old French: relenquir
  • French: relenquir (now dialectal or obsolete, still in use in Normandy and Picardy however)
• Portuguese: relinquir
• Spanish: relinquir
• → English: relinquish

References

• “relinquo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “relinquo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• relinquo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to overtake and pass some one: post se relinquere aliquem
    
  • a man loses his senses, becomes unconscious: animus relinquit aliquem
    
  • to leave a great reputation behind one: magnam sui famam relinquere
    
  • to leave a thing undecided: aliquid in medio, in dubio relinquere (Cael. 20. 48)
    
  • to leave a thing undecided: aliquid dubium, incertum relinquere
    
  • to leave a point undecided: in controversia relinquere aliquid
    
  • to follow the standards: signa sequi (opp. a signis discedere, signa relinquere)
    
  • to leave troops to guard the camp: praesidio castris milites relinquere
    
  • to give up an assault, a siege: oppugnationem, obsidionem relinquere
    
  • let us leave that undecided: hoc in medio relinquamus
    
  • (ambiguous) something has been left as a legacy by some one: hereditate aliquid relictum est ab aliquo