reciprocar

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin reciprocāre. By surface analysis, recíproco (“reciprocal, mutual”) +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁe.si.pɾoˈka(ʁ)/ [he.si.pɾoˈka(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁe.si.pɾoˈka(ʁ)/ [he.si.pɾoˈka(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʁe.si.pɾoˈka(ɾ)/ [he.si.pɾoˈka(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʁe.si.pɾoˈka(ʁ)/ [χe.si.pɾoˈka(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁe.si.pɾoˈka(ɻ)/ [he.si.pɾoˈka(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɨ.si.pɾuˈkaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɨ.si.pɾuˈkaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɨ.si.pɾuˈka.ɾi/

Verb

reciprocar (first-person singular present reciproco, first-person singular preterite reciproquei, past participle reciprocado)

1. to reciprocate (all senses)

   Synonyms: retribuir, devolver, permutar, alternar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of reciprocar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	reciprocar
Personal	reciprocar	reciprocares	reciprocar	reciprocarmos	reciprocardes	reciprocarem
Gerund
	reciprocando
Past participle
Masculine	reciprocado			reciprocados
Feminine	reciprocada			reciprocadas
Indicative
Present	reciproco	reciprocas	reciproca	reciprocamos	reciprocais	reciprocam
Imperfect	reciprocava	reciprocavas	reciprocava	reciprocávamos	reciprocáveis	reciprocavam
Preterite	reciproquei	reciprocaste	reciprocou	reciprocamos1, reciprocámos2	reciprocastes	reciprocaram
Pluperfect	reciprocara	reciprocaras	reciprocara	reciprocáramos	reciprocáreis	reciprocaram
Future	reciprocarei	reciprocarás	reciprocará	reciprocaremos	reciprocareis	reciprocarão
Conditional	reciprocaria	reciprocarias	reciprocaria	reciprocaríamos	reciprocaríeis	reciprocariam
Subjunctive
Present	reciproque	reciproques	reciproque	reciproquemos	reciproqueis	reciproquem
Imperfect	reciprocasse	reciprocasses	reciprocasse	reciprocássemos	reciprocásseis	reciprocassem
Future	reciprocar	reciprocares	reciprocar	reciprocarmos	reciprocardes	reciprocarem
Imperative
Affirmative		reciproca	reciproque	reciproquemos	reciprocai	reciproquem
Negative (não)		não reciproques	não reciproque	não reciproquemos	não reciproqueis	não reciproquem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• reciprocação

Further reading

• “reciprocar”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
• “reciprocar”, in Dicio – Dicionário Online de Português (in Portuguese), Porto: 7Graus, 2009–2025
• “reciprocar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
• “reciprocar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
• “reciprocar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin reciprocāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /reθipɾoˈkaɾ/ [re.θi.pɾoˈkaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /resipɾoˈkaɾ/ [re.si.pɾoˈkaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: re‧ci‧pro‧car

Verb

reciprocar (first-person singular present reciproco, first-person singular preterite reciproqué, past participle reciprocado)

1. (transitive) to reciprocate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of reciprocar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			reciprocar
gerund			reciprocando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		reciprocado		reciprocada
		plural		reciprocados		reciprocadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	reciproco	reciprocastú reciprocásvos	reciproca	reciprocamos	reciprocáis	reciprocan
	imperfect	reciprocaba	reciprocabas	reciprocaba	reciprocábamos	reciprocabais	reciprocaban
	preterite	reciproqué	reciprocaste	reciprocó	reciprocamos	reciprocasteis	reciprocaron
	future	reciprocaré	reciprocarás	reciprocará	reciprocaremos	reciprocaréis	reciprocarán
	conditional	reciprocaría	reciprocarías	reciprocaría	reciprocaríamos	reciprocaríais	reciprocarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	reciproque	reciproquestú reciproquésvos2	reciproque	reciproquemos	reciproquéis	reciproquen
	imperfect (ra)	reciprocara	reciprocaras	reciprocara	reciprocáramos	reciprocarais	reciprocaran
	imperfect (se)	reciprocase	reciprocases	reciprocase	reciprocásemos	reciprocaseis	reciprocasen
	future1	reciprocare	reciprocares	reciprocare	reciprocáremos	reciprocareis	reciprocaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		reciprocatú reciprocávos	reciproque	reciproquemos	reciprocad	reciproquen
	negative		no reciproques	no reciproque	no reciproquemos	no reciproquéis	no reciproquen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of reciprocar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive reciprocar	dative	reciprocarme	reciprocarte	reciprocarle, reciprocarse	reciprocarnos	reciprocaros	reciprocarles, reciprocarse
	accusative	reciprocarme	reciprocarte	reciprocarlo, reciprocarla, reciprocarse	reciprocarnos	reciprocaros	reciprocarlos, reciprocarlas, reciprocarse
with gerund reciprocando	dative	reciprocándome	reciprocándote	reciprocándole, reciprocándose	reciprocándonos	reciprocándoos	reciprocándoles, reciprocándose
	accusative	reciprocándome	reciprocándote	reciprocándolo, reciprocándola, reciprocándose	reciprocándonos	reciprocándoos	reciprocándolos, reciprocándolas, reciprocándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative reciproca	dative	reciprócame	reciprócate	reciprócale	reciprócanos	not used	reciprócales
	accusative	reciprócame	reciprócate	reciprócalo, reciprócala	reciprócanos	not used	reciprócalos, reciprócalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative reciprocá	dative	reciprocame	reciprocate	reciprocale	reciprocanos	not used	reciprocales
	accusative	reciprocame	reciprocate	reciprocalo, reciprocala	reciprocanos	not used	reciprocalos, reciprocalas
with formal second-person singular imperative reciproque	dative	recipróqueme	not used	recipróquele, recipróquese	recipróquenos	not used	recipróqueles
	accusative	recipróqueme	not used	recipróquelo, recipróquela, recipróquese	recipróquenos	not used	recipróquelos, recipróquelas
with first-person plural imperative reciproquemos	dative	not used	reciproquémoste	reciproquémosle	reciproquémonos	reciproquémoos	reciproquémosles
	accusative	not used	reciproquémoste	reciproquémoslo, reciproquémosla	reciproquémonos	reciproquémoos	reciproquémoslos, reciproquémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative reciprocad	dative	reciprocadme	not used	reciprocadle	reciprocadnos	reciprocaos	reciprocadles
	accusative	reciprocadme	not used	reciprocadlo, reciprocadla	reciprocadnos	reciprocaos	reciprocadlos, reciprocadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative reciproquen	dative	recipróquenme	not used	recipróquenle	recipróquennos	not used	recipróquenles, recipróquense
	accusative	recipróquenme	not used	recipróquenlo, recipróquenla	recipróquennos	not used	recipróquenlos, recipróquenlas, recipróquense

Related terms

• reciprocación
• recíproco

Further reading

• “reciprocar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10