rísta

See also: rista

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear”), which would make it closely related to rífa (“to tear, rip”), Proto-Germanic *rippōną (“to tear off”), etc. Compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *rayš- (“to be hurt, injured”).

Verb

rísta (singular past indicative reist, plural past indicative ristu, past participle ristinn)

1. to cut, slash
2. to cut open
3. to cut, carve, (en)grave on something
4. to carve, form by carving

Conjugation

Conjugation of rísta — active (strong class 1)

infinitive	rísta
present participle	rístandi
past participle	ristinn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	ríst	reist
2nd-person singular	rístr	reiszt
3rd-person singular	rístr	reist
1st-person plural	rístum	ristum
2nd-person plural	rístið	ristuð
3rd-person plural	rísta	ristu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	rísta	rista
2nd-person singular	rístir	ristir
3rd-person singular	rísti	risti
1st-person plural	rístim	ristim
2nd-person plural	rístið	ristið
3rd-person plural	rísti	risti
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	ríst
1st-person plural	rístum
2nd-person plural	rístið

Conjugation of rísta — mediopassive (strong class 1)

infinitive	rístask
present participle	rístandisk
past participle	ristizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	rístumk	ristumk
2nd-person singular	ríszk	reisk
3rd-person singular	ríszk	reisk
1st-person plural	rístumsk	ristumsk
2nd-person plural	rístizk	ristuzk
3rd-person plural	rístask	ristusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	rístumk	ristumk
2nd-person singular	rístisk	ristisk
3rd-person singular	rístisk	ristisk
1st-person plural	rístimsk	ristimsk
2nd-person plural	rístizk	ristizk
3rd-person plural	rístisk	ristisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	ríszk
1st-person plural	rístumsk
2nd-person plural	rístizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: rista
• Faroese: rista
• Norwegian Bokmål: riste
• Norwegian Nynorsk: rista, riste
• Old Swedish: rista
  • Swedish: rista
• Old Danish: ristæ
  • Danish: riste

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “rísta”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 341; also available at the [https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857

1. page/341 Internet Archive]

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “857-59”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 857-59