petrificar

Asturian

Verb

petrificar (first-person singular indicative present petrifico, past participle petrificáu)

1. petrify (to harden organic matter by depositing dissolved minerals)

Conjugation

Conjugation of petrificar

infinitive		petrificar
gerund		petrificando
past participle		m petrificáu, f petrificada, n petrificao, m pl petrificaos, f pl petrificaes
person		first singular yo	second singular tu	third singular él/elli	first plural nosotros/nós	second plural vosotros/vós	third plural ellos
indicative	present	petrifico	petrifiques	petrifica	petrificamos	petrificáis	petrifiquen
	imperfect	petrificaba	petrificabes	petrificaba	petrificábemos, petrificábamos	petrificabeis, petrificabais	petrificaben
	preterite	petrifiqué	petrificasti, petrifiquesti	petrificó	petrifiquemos	petrificastis, petrifiquestis	petrificaron
	pluperfect	petrificare, petrificara	petrificares, petrificaras	petrificare, petrificara	petrificáremos, petrificáramos	petrificareis, petrificarais	petrificaren, petrificaran
	future	petrificaré	petrificarás	petrificará	petrificaremos	petrificaréis	petrificarán
	conditional	petrificaría	petrificaríes	petrificaría	petrificaríemos, petrificaríamos	petrificaríeis, petrificaríais	petrificaríen
subjunctive	present	petrifique	petrifiques, petrificas	petrifique	petrifiquemos	petrifiquéis	petrifiquen, petrifican
	imperfect	petrificare, petrificara	petrificares, petrificaras	petrificare, petrificara	petrificáremos, petrificáramos	petrificareis, petrificarais	petrificaren, petrificaran
imperative		—	petrifica	—	—	petrificái	—

Galician

Verb

petrificar (first-person singular present petrifico, first-person singular preterite petrifiquei, past participle petrificado)

1. (transitive) to petrify

Conjugation

    Conjugation of petrificar (c-qu alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	petrificar
Personal	petrificar	petrificares	petrificar	petrificarmos	petrificardes	petrificaren
Gerund
	petrificando
Past participle
Masculine	petrificado			petrificados
Feminine	petrificada			petrificadas
Indicative
Present	petrifico	petrificas	petrifica	petrificamos	petrificades	petrifican
Imperfect	petrificaba	petrificabas	petrificaba	petrificabamos	petrificabades	petrificaban
Preterite	petrifiquei	petrificaches	petrificou	petrificamos	petrificastes	petrificaron
Pluperfect	petrificara	petrificaras	petrificara	petrificaramos	petrificarades	petrificaran
Future	petrificarei	petrificarás	petrificará	petrificaremos	petrificaredes	petrificarán
Conditional	petrificaría	petrificarías	petrificaría	petrificariamos	petrificariades	petrificarían
Subjunctive
Present	petrifique	petrifiques	petrifique	petrifiquemos	petrifiquedes	petrifiquen
Imperfect	petrificase	petrificases	petrificase	petrificásemos	petrificásedes	petrificasen
Future	petrificar	petrificares	petrificar	petrificarmos	petrificardes	petrificaren
Imperative
Affirmative		petrifica	petrifique	petrifiquemos	petrificade	petrifiquen
Negative (non)		non petrifiques	non petrifique	non petrifiquemos	non petrifiquedes	non petrifiquen

Related terms

• petrificación

Further reading

• “petrificar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pe.tɾi.fiˈka(ʁ)/ [pe.tɾi.fiˈka(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pe.tɾi.fiˈka(ʁ)/ [pe.tɾi.fiˈka(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /pe.tɾi.fiˈka(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /pe.tɾi.fiˈka(ʁ)/ [pe.tɾi.fiˈka(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /pe.tɾi.fiˈka(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɨ.tɾi.fiˈkaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɨ.tɾi.fiˈkaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɨ.tɾi.fiˈka.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: pe‧tri‧fi‧car

Verb

petrificar (first-person singular present petrifico, first-person singular preterite petrifiquei, past participle petrificado)

1. (transitive) to petrify, to produce rigidity

Conjugation

    Conjugation of petrificar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	petrificar
Personal	petrificar	petrificares	petrificar	petrificarmos	petrificardes	petrificarem
Gerund
	petrificando
Past participle
Masculine	petrificado			petrificados
Feminine	petrificada			petrificadas
Indicative
Present	petrifico	petrificas	petrifica	petrificamos	petrificais	petrificam
Imperfect	petrificava	petrificavas	petrificava	petrificávamos	petrificáveis	petrificavam
Preterite	petrifiquei	petrificaste	petrificou	petrificamos1, petrificámos2	petrificastes	petrificaram
Pluperfect	petrificara	petrificaras	petrificara	petrificáramos	petrificáreis	petrificaram
Future	petrificarei	petrificarás	petrificará	petrificaremos	petrificareis	petrificarão
Conditional	petrificaria	petrificarias	petrificaria	petrificaríamos	petrificaríeis	petrificariam
Subjunctive
Present	petrifique	petrifiques	petrifique	petrifiquemos	petrifiqueis	petrifiquem
Imperfect	petrificasse	petrificasses	petrificasse	petrificássemos	petrificásseis	petrificassem
Future	petrificar	petrificares	petrificar	petrificarmos	petrificardes	petrificarem
Imperative
Affirmative		petrifica	petrifique	petrifiquemos	petrificai	petrifiquem
Negative (não)		não petrifiques	não petrifique	não petrifiquemos	não petrifiqueis	não petrifiquem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• petrificação

Further reading

• “petrificar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin petrificāre (“to petrify”), from the compounding of petra (“stone, rock”) and -ficō, a suffix from faciō (“to make”). The term petra is from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “stone, rock”); further etymology unknown.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /petɾifiˈkaɾ/ [pe.t̪ɾi.fiˈkaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: pe‧tri‧fi‧car

Verb

petrificar (first-person singular present petrifico, first-person singular preterite petrifiqué, past participle petrificado)

1. (transitive) to petrify

Conjugation

    Conjugation of petrificar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			petrificar
gerund			petrificando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		petrificado		petrificada
		plural		petrificados		petrificadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	petrifico	petrificastú petrificásvos	petrifica	petrificamos	petrificáis	petrifican
	imperfect	petrificaba	petrificabas	petrificaba	petrificábamos	petrificabais	petrificaban
	preterite	petrifiqué	petrificaste	petrificó	petrificamos	petrificasteis	petrificaron
	future	petrificaré	petrificarás	petrificará	petrificaremos	petrificaréis	petrificarán
	conditional	petrificaría	petrificarías	petrificaría	petrificaríamos	petrificaríais	petrificarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	petrifique	petrifiquestú petrifiquésvos2	petrifique	petrifiquemos	petrifiquéis	petrifiquen
	imperfect (ra)	petrificara	petrificaras	petrificara	petrificáramos	petrificarais	petrificaran
	imperfect (se)	petrificase	petrificases	petrificase	petrificásemos	petrificaseis	petrificasen
	future1	petrificare	petrificares	petrificare	petrificáremos	petrificareis	petrificaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		petrificatú petrificávos	petrifique	petrifiquemos	petrificad	petrifiquen
	negative		no petrifiques	no petrifique	no petrifiquemos	no petrifiquéis	no petrifiquen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of petrificar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive petrificar
	dative	petrificarme	petrificarte	petrificarle, petrificarse	petrificarnos	petrificaros	petrificarles, petrificarse
	accusative	petrificarme	petrificarte	petrificarlo, petrificarla, petrificarse	petrificarnos	petrificaros	petrificarlos, petrificarlas, petrificarse
with gerund petrificando
	dative	petrificándome	petrificándote	petrificándole, petrificándose	petrificándonos	petrificándoos	petrificándoles, petrificándose
	accusative	petrificándome	petrificándote	petrificándolo, petrificándola, petrificándose	petrificándonos	petrificándoos	petrificándolos, petrificándolas, petrificándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative petrifica
	dative	petrifícame	petrifícate	petrifícale	petrifícanos	not used	petrifícales
	accusative	petrifícame	petrifícate	petrifícalo, petrifícala	petrifícanos	not used	petrifícalos, petrifícalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative petrificá
	dative	petrificame	petrificate	petrificale	petrificanos	not used	petrificales
	accusative	petrificame	petrificate	petrificalo, petrificala	petrificanos	not used	petrificalos, petrificalas
with formal second-person singular imperative petrifique
	dative	petrifíqueme	not used	petrifíquele, petrifíquese	petrifíquenos	not used	petrifíqueles
	accusative	petrifíqueme	not used	petrifíquelo, petrifíquela, petrifíquese	petrifíquenos	not used	petrifíquelos, petrifíquelas
with first-person plural imperative petrifiquemos
	dative	not used	petrifiquémoste	petrifiquémosle	petrifiquémonos	petrifiquémoos	petrifiquémosles
	accusative	not used	petrifiquémoste	petrifiquémoslo, petrifiquémosla	petrifiquémonos	petrifiquémoos	petrifiquémoslos, petrifiquémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative petrificad
	dative	petrificadme	not used	petrificadle	petrificadnos	petrificaos	petrificadles
	accusative	petrificadme	not used	petrificadlo, petrificadla	petrificadnos	petrificaos	petrificadlos, petrificadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative petrifiquen
	dative	petrifíquenme	not used	petrifíquenle	petrifíquennos	not used	petrifíquenles, petrifíquense
	accusative	petrifíquenme	not used	petrifíquenlo, petrifíquenla	petrifíquennos	not used	petrifíquenlos, petrifíquenlas, petrifíquense

Related terms

• petrificación

 

Further reading

• “petrificar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28