paene

See also: pæne

Latin

Etymology

Possibly from the same root as patior (“to suffer”); this may be Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-(i)- (“to hurt”), but its standard reconstruction as *peh₁-(i)- (or *peh₁y-)^[1] creates phonetic problems for the Latin.^[2] So, the etymology is unresolved.

The original meaning was likely “lacking, missing” (> “falling short”), as preserved in the related words paeniteō (“to cause dissatisfaction/regret”) and paenūria (“shortage”).^[2]

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpae̯.ne/, [ˈpäe̯nɛ]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpe.ne/, [ˈpɛːne]

Adverb

paene (not comparable)

almost, nearly
Synonyms: prope, fermē, ferē, iū̆xtā
(with negative) scarcely, hardly, barely (ex: paene incredibilia)

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

>? Aromanian: pãnã, pãn
>? Romanian: până
→ English: pene-

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*peh₁i̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 459–460
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “paene”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 439

“paene”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“paene”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
paene in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- graphic depiction: rerum sub aspectum paene subiectio (De Or. 3. 53. 202)
- to almost lose one's reason from excess of joy: nimio gaudio paene desipere
paene in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*peh₁i̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 459–460

[de_Vaan-2] 2.0 ^2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “paene”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 439

[1]

[2]