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nisu

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: ñisu and nišū

Asturian

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Noun

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nisu f (plural nisos)

  1. plum (fruit)

Synonyms

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Estonian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *nisu. Cognate to Finnish nisu and Livvi nižu.

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun

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nisu (genitive nisu, partitive nisu)

  1. wheat

Declension

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Declension of nisu (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative nisu nisud
accusative nom.
gen. nisu
genitive nisude
partitive nisu nisusid
illative nissu
nisusse 		nisudesse
inessive nisus nisudes
elative nisust nisudest
allative nisule nisudele
adessive nisul nisudel
ablative nisult nisudelt
translative nisuks nisudeks
terminative nisuni nisudeni
essive nisuna nisudena
abessive nisuta nisudeta
comitative nisuga nisudega

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “nisu”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
  • “nisu”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
  • “nisu”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
  • nisu in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *nisu (compare Estonian nisu, Livonian ni’zzõz, Veps ńižu, Votic nisu). Equivalent to nisä (“udder, breast”) +‎ -u; the sense may have originally been "snack", from which "wheat, something made of wheat",[1] or may have evoked a comparison between the white milk secreted from a teat and the light-colored grain.[2]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈnisu/, [ˈnis̠u]
  • Rhymes: -isu
  • Hyphenation(key): ni‧su

Noun

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nisu

  1. (dialectal) Synonym of vehnä (“wheat”) (Western Finnish, Kainuu)
  2. (dialectal) something baked of wheat, particularly traditional cardamom sweet bread, such as pulla (Western Finnish, Central Finland, Kainuu, American)
    Synonyms: nisunen, vehnänen, vehnäleipä

Usage notes

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Dialectal distribution of nisu (“wheat”)
  • Southern Southwest Finland (Eteläinen Varsinais-Suomi) [Southwestern dialects]
    • Halikko, Kaarina, Kiikala, Muurla, Paimio, Perniö, Pertteli, Sauvo, Suomusjärvi, Uskela
  • Northern Southwest Finland (Pohjoinen Varsinais-Suomi) [Southwestern dialects]
    • Askainen, Eurajoki, Hinnerjoki, Honkilahti, Kalanti, Karjala, Kustavi, Laitila, Lappi, Lemu, Lokalahti, Luvia, Mietoinen, Mynämäki, Naantali, Nousiainen, Pyhämaa, Raisio, Rauma, Taivassalo, Turku, Vehmaa
  • Southwest Finnish Highlands (Varsinais-Suomen ylämaa) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
    • Aura, Karinainen, Koski Tl, Köyliö, Lieto, Maaria, Marttila, Paattinen, Pöytyä, Somerniemi, Somero, Säkylä, Tarvasjoki, Yläne
  • Western Uusimaa (Länsi-Uusimaa) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
    • Karjalohja, Lohja, Nummi, Pusula, Pyhäjärvi (Ul), Sammatti, Vihti
  • Southern Satakunta (Etelä-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
    • Alastaro, Harjavalta, Huittinen, Kauvatsa, Kokemäki, Loimaa, Metsämaa, Punkalaidun, Vampula
  • Western Satakunta (Länsi-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
    • Ahlainen, Merikarvia, Nakkila, Pomarkku, Pori, Siikainen, Ulvila
  • Northern Satakunta (Pohjois-Satakunta) [Tavastian dialects]
    • Honkajoki, Hämeenkyrö, Ikaalinen, Jämijärvi, Kankaanpää, Karvia, Kihniö, Kiikka, Kiikoinen, Lavia, Mouhijärvi, Suodenniemi, Tyrvää, Viljakkala
  • Northern Tavastia (Pohjois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects]
    • Akaa, Eräjärvi, Hattula, Hauho, Juupajoki, Kalvola, Kangasala, Koijärvi, Kuorevesi, Kuru, Lempäälä, Luopioinen, Längelmäki, Nokia, Orivesi, Pirkkala, Pälkäne, Ruovesi, Sääksmäki, Teisko, Tottijärvi, Tuulos, Urjala, Vanaja, Vesilahti, Vilppula, Virrat
  • Southern Tavastia (Etelä-Häme) [Tavastian dialects]
    • Humppila, Janakkala, Jokioinen, Loppi, Nurmijärvi, Tammela, Ypäjä
  • Southeastern Tavastia (Kaakkois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects]
    • Orimattila, Padasjoki
  • Southern Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa) [South Ostrobothnian dialects]
    • Alavus, Ilmajoki, Isokyrö, Jalasjärvi, Karijoki, Kauhajoki, Kauhava, Kuortane, Kurikka, Laihia, Lapua, Lapväärtti, Nurmo, Seinäjoki, Teuva, Töysä, Vähäkyrö, Ylihärmä, Ylistaro
  • Central Ostrobothnia (Keski-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects]
    • Alavieska, Haapajärvi, Haapavesi, Himanka, Kalajoki, Kaustinen, Kestilä, Kärsämäki, Lohtaja, Merijärvi, Nivala, Perho, Pulkkila, Pyhäjoki, Reisjärvi, Saloinen, Sievi, Veteli, Ylivieska
  • Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects]
    • Hailuoto, Ii, Liminka, Lumijoki, Muhos, Oulu, Oulujoki, Oulunsalo, Paavola, Pudasjärvi, Rantsila, Siikajoki, Temmes, Utajärvi, Vihanti, Ylikiiminki
  • Lapland (Peräpohjola) [Lapland dialects]
    • Kemi, Kittilä, Lyngen (Jyykeä/Yykeä), Nordreisa (Raisi), Rovaniemi, Tervola
  • Westrobothnia (Länsi-Pohja) [Lapland dialects]
    • Karunki, Kolari, Vittangi (Vittanki), Ylitornio
  • Kainuu [Savonian dialects]
    • Kajaani, Kuhmo, Kuusamo, Paltamo, Posio, Ristijärvi, Sotkamo, Suomussalmi, Vaala
  • Northern Central Finland (Pohjoinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects]
    • Hankasalmi, Karstula, Kinnula, Pihtipudas, Saarijärvi
  • Western Central Finland (Läntinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects]
    • Alajärvi, Evijärvi, Keuruu, Kortesjärvi, Lappajärvi, Pihlajavesi, Vimpeli, Ähtäri
  • Southern Central Finland (Eteläinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects]
    • Jyväskylä, Korpilahti, Kuhmoinen, Leivonmäki, Muurame, Petäjävesi, Toivakka
  • Northern Savonia (Pohjois-Savo) [Savonian dialects]
    • Kiuruvesi, Pyhäjärvi (Ol), Vieremä

The classification of and data for regional dialects is based on pre-1950s data. Since the 1950s, the dialects have become increasingly mixed, levelled and influenced by Standard Finnish. Besides Standard Finnish, a relatively uniform and originally urban 'colloquial Finnish' is beginning to emerge in their place, especially in the cities.

Source: Suomen murteiden sanakirja by Kotimaisten kielten keskus (CC BY 4.0); see the information for the background image for its sources and licensing

Dialectal distribution of nisu (“something baked of wheat”)
  • Northern Southwest Finland (Pohjoinen Varsinais-Suomi) [Southwestern dialects]
    • Hinnerjoki, Mynämäki
  • Western Uusimaa (Länsi-Uusimaa) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
    • Lohja, Vihti
  • Southern Satakunta (Etelä-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
    • Huittinen, Kokemäki
  • Western Satakunta (Länsi-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
    • Pomarkku, Ulvila
  • Northern Satakunta (Pohjois-Satakunta) [Tavastian dialects]
    • Honkajoki, Karvia, Viljakkala
  • Northern Tavastia (Pohjois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects]
    • Hattula, Juupajoki, Kangasala, Kuorevesi, Lempäälä, Längelmäki, Pälkäne, Ruovesi, Sääksmäki, Teisko, Tottijärvi, Tuulos, Urjala, Vilppula, Virrat
  • Southern Tavastia (Etelä-Häme) [Tavastian dialects]
    • Humppila, Hyvinkää, Nurmijärvi
  • Southeastern Tavastia (Kaakkois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects]
    • Lammi, Orimattila
  • Kymenlaakso [Tavastian dialects]
    • Iitti, Jaala
  • Southern Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa) [South Ostrobothnian dialects]
    • Alahärmä, Alavus, Ilmajoki, Isojoki, Isokyrö, Jalasjärvi, Jurva, Karijoki, Kauhajoki, Kauhava, Kuortane, Kurikka, Laihia, Lapua, Lapväärtti, Nurmo, Peräseinäjoki, Seinäjoki, Teuva, Töysä, Vähäkyrö, Ylihärmä
  • Central Ostrobothnia (Keski-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects]
    • Alavieska, Haapajärvi, Haapavesi, Halsua, Himanka, Kalajoki, Kaustinen, Kestilä, Kälviä, Kärsämäki, Lestijärvi, Lohtaja, Merijärvi, Nivala, Perho, Piippola, Pulkkila, Pyhäjoki, Reisjärvi, Saloinen, Sievi, Toholampi, Ullava, Veteli, Ylivieska
  • Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects]
    • Hailuoto, Haukipudas, Ii, Kuivaniemi, Liminka, Lumijoki, Muhos, Oulu, Oulujoki, Oulunsalo, Paavola, Pattijoki, Pudasjärvi, Rantsila, Ranua, Revonlahti, Temmes, Tyrnävä, Utajärvi, Vihanti
  • Lapland (Peräpohjola) [Lapland dialects]
    • Inari, Kemi, Kemijärvi, Kittilä, Rovaniemi, Salla, Savukoski, Simo, Sodankylä, Tervola
  • Westrobothnia (Länsi-Pohja) [Lapland dialects]
    • Alatornio, Karunki, Kolari, Muonio, Pajala, Pello, Tärendö (Täräntö), Vittangi (Vittanki), Ylitornio
  • Kainuu [Savonian dialects]
    • Hyrynsalmi, Kajaani, Kuhmo, Kuusamo, Paltamo, Posio, Puolanka, Ristijärvi, Sotkamo, Suomussalmi, Vaala, Vuolijoki
  • Northern Central Finland (Pohjoinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects]
    • Kannonkoski, Karstula, Kinnula, Kivijärvi, Konginkangas, Konnevesi, Kyyjärvi, Laukaa, Multia, Pihtipudas, Pylkönmäki, Saarijärvi, Sumiainen, Äänekoski
  • Western Central Finland (Läntinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects]
    • Alajärvi, Evijärvi, Keuruu, Kortesjärvi, Lappajärvi, Pihlajavesi, Vimpeli, Ähtäri
  • Southern Central Finland (Eteläinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects]
    • Hartola, Jyväskylä, Korpilahti, Muurame, Petäjävesi, Sysmä, Toivakka
  • Northern Savonia (Pohjois-Savo) [Savonian dialects]
    • Iisalmi, Juankoski, Kaavi, Keitele, Kiuruvesi, Lapinlahti, Leppävirta, Pyhäjärvi (Ol), Sonkajärvi, Vieremä
  • Northern Karelia (Pohjois-Karjala) [Savonian dialects]
    • Eno, Nurmes, Ruskeala, Valtimo

The classification of and data for regional dialects is based on pre-1950s data. Since the 1950s, the dialects have become increasingly mixed, levelled and influenced by Standard Finnish. Besides Standard Finnish, a relatively uniform and originally urban 'colloquial Finnish' is beginning to emerge in their place, especially in the cities.

Source: Suomen murteiden sanakirja by Kotimaisten kielten keskus (CC BY 4.0); see the information for the background image for its sources and licensing

Declension

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Inflection of nisu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative nisu nisut
genitive nisun nisujen
partitive nisua nisuja
illative nisuun nisuihin
singular plural
nominative nisu nisut
accusative nom. nisu nisut
gen. nisun
genitive nisun nisujen
partitive nisua nisuja
inessive nisussa nisuissa
elative nisusta nisuista
illative nisuun nisuihin
adessive nisulla nisuilla
ablative nisulta nisuilta
allative nisulle nisuille
essive nisuna nisuina
translative nisuksi nisuiksi
abessive nisutta nisuitta
instructive — nisuin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of nisu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative nisuni nisuni
accusative nom. nisuni nisuni
gen. nisuni
genitive nisuni nisujeni
partitive nisuani nisujani
inessive nisussani nisuissani
elative nisustani nisuistani
illative nisuuni nisuihini
adessive nisullani nisuillani
ablative nisultani nisuiltani
allative nisulleni nisuilleni
essive nisunani nisuinani
translative nisukseni nisuikseni
abessive nisuttani nisuittani
instructive — —
comitative — nisuineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative nisusi nisusi
accusative nom. nisusi nisusi
gen. nisusi
genitive nisusi nisujesi
partitive nisuasi nisujasi
inessive nisussasi nisuissasi
elative nisustasi nisuistasi
illative nisuusi nisuihisi
adessive nisullasi nisuillasi
ablative nisultasi nisuiltasi
allative nisullesi nisuillesi
essive nisunasi nisuinasi
translative nisuksesi nisuiksesi
abessive nisuttasi nisuittasi
instructive — —
comitative — nisuinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative nisumme nisumme
accusative nom. nisumme nisumme
gen. nisumme
genitive nisumme nisujemme
partitive nisuamme nisujamme
inessive nisussamme nisuissamme
elative nisustamme nisuistamme
illative nisuumme nisuihimme
adessive nisullamme nisuillamme
ablative nisultamme nisuiltamme
allative nisullemme nisuillemme
essive nisunamme nisuinamme
translative nisuksemme nisuiksemme
abessive nisuttamme nisuittamme
instructive — —
comitative — nisuinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative nisunne nisunne
accusative nom. nisunne nisunne
gen. nisunne
genitive nisunne nisujenne
partitive nisuanne nisujanne
inessive nisussanne nisuissanne
elative nisustanne nisuistanne
illative nisuunne nisuihinne
adessive nisullanne nisuillanne
ablative nisultanne nisuiltanne
allative nisullenne nisuillenne
essive nisunanne nisuinanne
translative nisuksenne nisuiksenne
abessive nisuttanne nisuittanne
instructive — —
comitative — nisuinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative nisunsa nisunsa
accusative nom. nisunsa nisunsa
gen. nisunsa
genitive nisunsa nisujensa
partitive nisuaan
nisuansa 		nisujaan
nisujansa
inessive nisussaan
nisussansa 		nisuissaan
nisuissansa
elative nisustaan
nisustansa 		nisuistaan
nisuistansa
illative nisuunsa nisuihinsa
adessive nisullaan
nisullansa 		nisuillaan
nisuillansa
ablative nisultaan
nisultansa 		nisuiltaan
nisuiltansa
allative nisulleen
nisullensa 		nisuilleen
nisuillensa
essive nisunaan
nisunansa 		nisuinaan
nisuinansa
translative nisukseen
nisuksensa 		nisuikseen
nisuiksensa
abessive nisuttaan
nisuttansa 		nisuittaan
nisuittansa
instructive — —
comitative — nisuineen
nisuinensa

Derived terms

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compounds

References

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  1. ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
  2. ^ Kotimaisten kielten keskus: Sanojen alkuperästä: Nisu

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *nisu. Cognates include Finnish nisu and Estonian nisu.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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nisu

  1. (obsolete) Synonym of vehnä

Declension

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Declension of nisu (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative nisu nisut
genitive nisun nissuin, nisuloin
partitive nissua nisuja, nisuloja
illative nissuu nissui, nisuloihe
inessive nisus nisuis, nisulois
elative nisust nisuist, nisuloist
allative nisulle nisuille, nisuloille
adessive nisul nisuil, nisuloil
ablative nisult nisuilt, nisuloilt
translative nisuks nisuiks, nisuloiks
essive nisunna, nissuun nisuinna, nisuloinna, nissuin, nisuloin
exessive1) nisunt nisuint, nisuloint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

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  • Fedor Tumansky (1790) “нису”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 693

Japanese

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Romanization

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nisu

  1. Rōmaji transcription of ニス

Latin

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Noun

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nīsū

  1. ablative singular of nīsus

Northern Sami

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Pronunciation

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  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈnisuː/

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Samic *nisōn.

Noun

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nisu

  1. woman
Inflection
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Odd, ss-s gradation
Nominative nisu
Genitive nissona
Singular Plural
Nominative nisu nissonat
Accusative nissona nissoniid
Genitive nissona nissoniid
Illative nissonii nissoniidda
Locative nissonis nissoniin
Comitative nissoniin nissoniiguin
Essive nisun
Possessive forms
Singular Dual Plural
1st person nissonan nissoneamẹ nissoneamẹt
2nd person nissonat nissoneattẹ nissoneattẹt
3rd person nissonis nissoneaskkạ nissoneasẹt
Derived terms
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Further reading
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  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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nisu

  1. (often in the plural) wheat
Inflection
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Odd, ss-s gradation
Nominative nisu
Genitive nissona
Singular Plural
Nominative nisu nissonat
Accusative nissona nissoniid
Genitive nissona nissoniid
Illative nissonii nissoniidda
Locative nissonis nissoniin
Comitative nissoniin nissoniiguin
Essive nisun
Possessive forms
Singular Dual Plural
1st person nissonan nissoneamẹ nissoneamẹt
2nd person nissonat nissoneattẹ nissoneattẹt
3rd person nissonis nissoneaskkạ nissoneasẹt
Further reading
[edit]
  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[4], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Serbo-Croatian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *ne + *sǫtь, first-person plural present tense form of *byti. This formation was kept in Old Church Slavonic as не сѫтъ (ne sǫtŭ) (see бꙑти (byti)). However, in other South Slavic vernaculars, this form irregularly later created něsu (attested in 1334), probably influenced by něsam (see nisam). Because of the yat reflex, něsu became rendered as nisu in Ikavian speeches.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /nǐːsu/
  • Hyphenation: ni‧su

Verb

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nísu (Cyrillic spelling ни́су)

  1. (Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia) negative third-person plural present of biti

References

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  • “nisu”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
  • The template Template:R:sh:RJA does not use the parameter(s): 
    id=rABbczk4OA
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Pero Budmani, editor (1892–1897), “jesam”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎[5] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 4, Zagreb: JAZU, page 606

Votic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *nisu.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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nisu

  1. wheat

Inflection

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Declension of nisu (type II/võrkko, s-z gradation)
singular plural
nominative nisu nizud
genitive nizu nisujõ, nisui
partitive nissua nisuitõ, nisui
illative nissusõ, nissu nisuisõ
inessive nizuz nisuiz
elative nizussõ nisuissõ
allative nizulõ nisuilõ
adessive nizullõ nisuillõ
ablative nizultõ nisuiltõ
translative nizussi nisuissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive.
***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

[edit]
  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “nisu”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
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