mastigar

Galician

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin masticāre, present active infinitive of masticō. Compare the inherited doublet mascar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mastiˈɣaɾ]

Verb

mastigar (first-person singular present mastigo, first-person singular preterite mastiguei, past participle mastigado)

1. (transitive) to chew, masticate

   Synonym: mascar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of mastigar (g-gu alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	mastigar
Personal	mastigar	mastigares	mastigar	mastigarmos	mastigardes	mastigaren
Gerund
	mastigando
Past participle
Masculine	mastigado			mastigados
Feminine	mastigada			mastigadas
Indicative
Present	mastigo	mastigas	mastiga	mastigamos	mastigades	mastigan
Imperfect	mastigaba	mastigabas	mastigaba	mastigabamos	mastigabades	mastigaban
Preterite	mastiguei	mastigaches	mastigou	mastigamos	mastigastes	mastigaron
Pluperfect	mastigara	mastigaras	mastigara	mastigaramos	mastigarades	mastigaran
Future	mastigarei	mastigarás	mastigará	mastigaremos	mastigaredes	mastigarán
Conditional	mastigaría	mastigarías	mastigaría	mastigariamos	mastigariades	mastigarían
Subjunctive
Present	mastigue	mastigues	mastigue	mastiguemos	mastiguedes	mastiguen
Imperfect	mastigase	mastigases	mastigase	mastigásemos	mastigásedes	mastigasen
Future	mastigar	mastigares	mastigar	mastigarmos	mastigardes	mastigaren
Imperative
Affirmative		mastiga	mastigue	mastiguemos	mastigade	mastiguen
Negative (non)		non mastigues	non mastigue	non mastiguemos	non mastiguedes	non mastiguen

    Reintegrated conjugation of mastigar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	mastigar
Personal	mastigar	mastigares	mastigar	mastigarmos	mastigardes	mastigarem
Gerund
	mastigando
Past participle
Masculine	mastigado			mastigados
Feminine	mastigada			mastigadas
Indicative
Present	mastigo	mastigas	mastiga	mastigamos	mastigades, mastigais	mastigam
Imperfect	mastigava	mastigavas	mastigava	mastigávamos	mastigávades, mastigáveis, mastigávais1	mastigavam
Preterite	mastiguei	mastigaste, mastigache1	mastigou	mastigamos	mastigastes	mastigárom, mastigaram
Pluperfect	mastigara	mastigaras	mastigara	mastigáramos	mastigárades, mastigáreis, mastigárais1	mastigaram
Future	mastigarei	mastigarás	mastigará	mastigaremos	mastigaredes, mastigareis	mastigarám, mastigarão
Conditional	mastigaria	mastigarias	mastigaria	mastigaríamos	mastigaríades, mastigaríeis, mastigaríais1	mastigariam
Subjunctive
Present	mastigue	mastigues	mastigue	mastiguemos	mastiguedes, mastigueis	mastiguem
Imperfect	mastigasse	mastigasses	mastigasse	mastigássemos	mastigássedes, mastigásseis	mastigassem
Future	mastigar	mastigares	mastigar	mastigarmos	mastigardes	mastigarem
Imperative
Affirmative		mastiga	mastigue	mastiguemos	mastigade, mastigai	mastiguem
Negative (nom)		nom mastigues	nom mastigue	nom mastiguemos	nom mastiguedes, nom mastigueis	nom mastiguem

¹Less recommended.

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “mastigar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “mastigar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “mastigar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “mastigar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin masticāre. Compare the inherited doublet mascar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /mas.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ʁ)/ [mas.t͡ʃiˈɡa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /mas.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ʁ)/ [mas.t͡ʃiˈɡa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /mas.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /maʃ.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ʁ)/ [maʃ.t͡ʃiˈɡa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /mas.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /mɐʃ.tiˈɡaɾ/ [mɐʃ.tiˈɣaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /mɐʃ.tiˈɡaɾ/ [mɐʃ.tiˈɣaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /mɐʃ.tiˈɡa.ɾi/ [mɐʃ.tiˈɣa.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: mas‧ti‧gar

Verb

mastigar (first-person singular present mastigo, first-person singular preterite mastiguei, past participle mastigado)

1. (transitive) to chew, masticate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of mastigar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	mastigar
Personal	mastigar	mastigares	mastigar	mastigarmos	mastigardes	mastigarem
Gerund
	mastigando
Past participle
Masculine	mastigado			mastigados
Feminine	mastigada			mastigadas
Indicative
Present	mastigo	mastigas	mastiga	mastigamos	mastigais	mastigam
Imperfect	mastigava	mastigavas	mastigava	mastigávamos	mastigáveis	mastigavam
Preterite	mastiguei	mastigaste	mastigou	mastigamos1, mastigámos2	mastigastes	mastigaram
Pluperfect	mastigara	mastigaras	mastigara	mastigáramos	mastigáreis	mastigaram
Future	mastigarei	mastigarás	mastigará	mastigaremos	mastigareis	mastigarão
Conditional	mastigaria	mastigarias	mastigaria	mastigaríamos	mastigaríeis	mastigariam
Subjunctive
Present	mastigue	mastigues	mastigue	mastiguemos	mastigueis	mastiguem
Imperfect	mastigasse	mastigasses	mastigasse	mastigássemos	mastigásseis	mastigassem
Future	mastigar	mastigares	mastigar	mastigarmos	mastigardes	mastigarem
Imperative
Affirmative		mastiga	mastigue	mastiguemos	mastigai	mastiguem
Negative (não)		não mastigues	não mastigue	não mastiguemos	não mastigueis	não mastiguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• mastigação