martalék
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in 1527. From the verb mar (“to bite”) + -alék (noun-forming suffix). Its original meaning was a piece of meat. The nature and function of the letter -t- inside the word is uncertain. It could be a participle suffix or a past-tense suffix. The phonetic form may have been influenced by martalóc.[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]martalék (plural martalékok)
- (archaic, literary) booty, plunder
- (literary, figuratively) prey, victim
- Synonym: áldozat
- A ház a lángok martaléka lett. ― The house was consumed by flames. (literally, “The house became the prey of flames.”)
Declension
[edit]| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | martalék | martalékok |
| accusative | martalékot | martalékokat |
| dative | martaléknak | martalékoknak |
| instrumental | martalékkal | martalékokkal |
| causal-final | martalékért | martalékokért |
| translative | martalékká | martalékokká |
| terminative | martalékig | martalékokig |
| essive-formal | martalékként | martalékokként |
| essive-modal | martalékul | — |
| inessive | martalékban | martalékokban |
| superessive | martalékon | martalékokon |
| adessive | martaléknál | martalékoknál |
| illative | martalékba | martalékokba |
| sublative | martalékra | martalékokra |
| allative | martalékhoz | martalékokhoz |
| elative | martalékból | martalékokból |
| delative | martalékról | martalékokról |
| ablative | martaléktól | martalékoktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
martaléké | martalékoké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
martalékéi | martalékokéi |
| Possessive forms of martalék | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | martalékom | martalékaim |
| 2nd person sing. | martalékod | martalékaid |
| 3rd person sing. | martaléka | martalékai |
| 1st person plural | martalékunk | martalékaink |
| 2nd person plural | martalékotok | martalékaitok |
| 3rd person plural | martalékuk | martalékaik |
References
[edit]- ^ martalék in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
- ^ martalék in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- martalék in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN