liukua

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *liukudak. Related to liukas and probably derived from the same root; liuk- +‎ -ua.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈliu̯kuɑˣ/, [ˈliu̯kuɑ̝(ʔ)]
Rhymes: -iukuɑ
Hyphenation^(key): liu‧kua

Verb

liukua

to slide (to move in continuous contact with a surface)
Synonyms: liirata, luisua

Lumi liukuu alas vuorenrinnettä.
Snow slides down the side of a mountain
to slide, glide (to pass along smoothly or unobservedly)
Synonym: lipua

Laivaa liukuu veden halki.
A ship slides through the water.
(music) to slide (to smoothly pass from one note to another by bending the pitch upwards or downwards)
(music) to segue (to make a smooth transition from one theme to another)
Beethovenin sinfoniat liukuvat vaivattomasti teemasta toiseen.
Beethoven’s symphonies effortlessly segue from one theme to the next.
(nautical) to plane, hydroplane (of a boat, to move in a way that lifts the bow out of the water)
Synonym: plaanata

Conjugation

Inflection of liukua (Kotus type 52*D/sanoa, k-∅ gradation)

indicative mood

present tense

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

liu'un

en liu’u

1st sing.

olen liukunut

en ole liukunut

2nd sing.

liu'ut

et liu’u

2nd sing.

olet liukunut

et ole liukunut

3rd sing.

liukuu

ei liu’u

3rd sing.

on liukunut

ei ole liukunut

1st plur.

liu'umme

emme liu’u

1st plur.

olemme liukuneet

emme ole liukuneet

2nd plur.

liu'utte

ette liu’u

2nd plur.

olette liukuneet

ette ole liukuneet

3rd plur.

liukuvat

eivät liu’u

3rd plur.

ovat liukuneet

eivät ole liukuneet

passive

liu'utaan

ei liu’uta

passive

on liu'uttu

ei ole liu'uttu

past tense

pluperfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

liu'uin

en liukunut

1st sing.

olin liukunut

en ollut liukunut

2nd sing.

liu'uit

et liukunut

2nd sing.

olit liukunut

et ollut liukunut

3rd sing.

liukui

ei liukunut

3rd sing.

oli liukunut

ei ollut liukunut

1st plur.

liu'uimme

emme liukuneet

1st plur.

olimme liukuneet

emme olleet liukuneet

2nd plur.

liu'uitte

ette liukuneet

2nd plur.

olitte liukuneet

ette olleet liukuneet

3rd plur.

liukuivat

eivät liukuneet

3rd plur.

olivat liukuneet

eivät olleet liukuneet

passive

liu'uttiin

ei liu’uttu

passive

oli liu'uttu

ei ollut liu'uttu

conditional mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

liukuisin

en liukuisi

1st sing.

olisin liukunut

en olisi liukunut

2nd sing.

liukuisit

et liukuisi

2nd sing.

olisit liukunut

et olisi liukunut

3rd sing.

liukuisi

ei liukuisi

3rd sing.

olisi liukunut

ei olisi liukunut

1st plur.

liukuisimme

emme liukuisi

1st plur.

olisimme liukuneet

emme olisi liukuneet

2nd plur.

liukuisitte

ette liukuisi

2nd plur.

olisitte liukuneet

ette olisi liukuneet

3rd plur.

liukuisivat

eivät liukuisi

3rd plur.

olisivat liukuneet

eivät olisi liukuneet

passive

liu'uttaisiin

ei liu’uttaisi

passive

olisi liu'uttu

ei olisi liu'uttu

imperative mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

—

1st sing.

—

2nd sing.

liu'u

älä liu’u

2nd sing.

—

3rd sing.

liukukoon

älköön liukuko

3rd sing.

olkoon liukunut

älköön olko liukunut

1st plur.

liukukaamme

älkäämme liukuko

1st plur.

—

2nd plur.

liukukaa

älkää liukuko

2nd plur.

—

3rd plur.

liukukoot

älkööt liukuko

3rd plur.

olkoot liukuneet

älkööt olko liukuneet

passive

liu'uttakoon

älköön liu’uttako

passive

olkoon liu'uttu

älköön olko liu'uttu

potential mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

liukunen

en liukune

1st sing.

lienen liukunut

en liene liukunut

2nd sing.

liukunet

et liukune

2nd sing.

lienet liukunut

et liene liukunut

3rd sing.

liukunee

ei liukune

3rd sing.

lienee liukunut

ei liene liukunut

1st plur.

liukunemme

emme liukune

1st plur.

lienemme liukuneet

emme liene liukuneet

2nd plur.

liukunette

ette liukune

2nd plur.

lienette liukuneet

ette liene liukuneet

3rd plur.

liukunevat

eivät liukune

3rd plur.

lienevät liukuneet

eivät liene liukuneet

passive

liu'uttaneen

ei liu’uttane

passive

lienee liu'uttu

ei liene liu'uttu

Nominal forms

infinitives

participles

active

passive

active

passive

1st

liukua

present

liukuva

liu'uttava

long 1st¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	liukuakseni	liukuaksemme
2nd	liukuaksesi	liukuaksenne
3rd	liukuakseen liukuaksensa

past

liukunut

liu'uttu

2nd

inessive²

liukuessa

liu'uttaessa

agent⁴

liukuma

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	liukuessani	liukuessamme
2nd	liukuessasi	liukuessanne
3rd	liukuessaan liukuessansa

negative

liukumaton

instructive

liukuen

—

¹⁾ Used only with a possessive suffix.

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

3rd

inessive

liukumassa

—

elative

liukumasta

—

illative

liukumaan

—

adessive

liukumalla

—

abessive

liukumatta

—

instructive

liukuman

liu'uttaman

4th³

verbal noun

liukuminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	liukumaisillani	liukumaisillamme
2nd	liukumaisillasi	liukumaisillanne
3rd	liukumaisillaan liukumaisillansa

Derived terms

liukumapinta

adjectives

liukuva

nouns

verbs

Related terms

lipua
liukas

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈliu̯kuɑ/, [ˈliu̯kuɑ̝]
Rhymes: -iukuɑ
Hyphenation^(key): liu‧kua

Noun

liukua

partitive singular of liuku

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *liukudak. Cognates include Finnish liukua and Estonian liuguda.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈliu̯kuɑ/, [ˈlʲiu̯ko̞]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈlʲiu̯kuɑ/, [ˈlʲiu̯kuɑ]
Rhymes: -iu̯koː, -iu̯kuɑ
Hyphenation: liu‧ku‧a

Verb

liukua

(intransitive) to skate; to slide; to ski; to bike
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 12:
  Liukuut konjkiil ja kelkkoil, lumenka tiukkaat, laatiit lumiukkoja, mäkijä tekkööt, veenkä valeloot ja pakkaist kutsuut.
  They are skating on ice skates and sliding on sleds, they're playing with the snow, making snowmen, making sledging hills, pouring [each other] with water and inviting the frost.

Conjugation

Conjugation of liukua (type 1/ampua, iuk-ivv gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	livvun	en livvu	1st singular	oon liukunt, oon liukunut	en oo liukunt, en oo liukunut
2nd singular	livvut	et livvu	2nd singular	oot liukunt, oot liukunut	et oo liukunt, et oo liukunut
3rd singular	liukuu	ei livvu	3rd singular	ono liukunt, ono liukunut	ei oo liukunt, ei oo liukunut
1st plural	livvumma	emmä livvu	1st plural	oomma liukuneet	emmä oo liukuneet
2nd plural	livvutta	että livvu	2nd plural	ootta liukuneet	että oo liukuneet
3rd plural	liukuut¹⁾, liukuvat²⁾, livvutaa	evät livvu, ei livvuta	3rd plural	ovat liukuneet	evät oo liukuneet, ei oo livvuttu
impersonal	livvutaa	ei livvuta	impersonal	ono livvuttu	ei oo livvuttu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	livvuin	en liukunt, en liukunut	1st singular	olin liukunt, olin liukunut	en olt liukunt, en olt liukunut
2nd singular	livvuit	et liukunt, et liukunut	2nd singular	olit liukunt, olit liukunut	et olt liukunt, et olt liukunut
3rd singular	liukui	ei liukunt, ei liukunut	3rd singular	oli liukunt, oli liukunut	ei olt liukunt, ei olt liukunut
1st plural	livvuimma	emmä liukuneet	1st plural	olimma liukuneet	emmä olleet liukuneet
2nd plural	livvuitta	että liukuneet	2nd plural	olitta liukuneet	että olleet liukuneet
3rd plural	liukuit¹⁾, liukuivat²⁾, livvuttii	evät liukuneet, ei livvuttu	3rd plural	olivat liukuneet	evät olleet liukuneet, ei olt livvuttu
impersonal	livvuttii	ei livvuttu	impersonal	oli livvuttu	ei olt livvuttu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	liukuisin	en liukuis	1st singular	olisin liukunt, olisin liukunut	en olis liukunt, en olis liukunut
2nd singular	liukuisit, liukuist¹⁾	et liukuis	2nd singular	olisit liukunt, olisit liukunut	et olis liukunt, et olis liukunut
3rd singular	liukuis	ei liukuis	3rd singular	olis liukunt, olis liukunut	ei olis liukunt, ei olis liukunut
1st plural	liukuisimma	emmä liukuis	1st plural	olisimma liukuneet	emmä olis liukuneet
2nd plural	liukuisitta	että liukuis	2nd plural	olisitta liukuneet	että olis liukuneet
3rd plural	liukuisiit¹⁾, liukuisivat²⁾, livvuttais	evät liukuis, ei livvuttais	3rd plural	olisivat liukuneet	evät olis liukuneet, ei olis livvuttu
impersonal	livvuttais	ei livvuttais	impersonal	olis livvuttu	ei olis livvuttu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	livvu	elä livvu	2nd singular	oo liukunt, oo liukunut	elä oo liukunt, elä oo liukunut
3rd singular	liukukoo	elköö liukuko	3rd singular	olkoo liukunt, olkoo liukunut	elköö olko liukunt, elköö olko liukunut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	liukukaa	elkää liukuko	2nd plural	olkaa liukuneet	elkää olko liukuneet
3rd plural	liukukoot	elkööt liukuko, elköö livvuttako	3rd plural	olkoot liukuneet	elkööt olko liukuneet, elköö olko livvuttu
impersonal	livvuttakkoo	elköö livvuttako	impersonal	olkoo livvuttu	elköö olko livvuttu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	liukunen	en liukune
2nd singular	liukunet	et liukune
3rd singular	liukunoo	ei liukune
1st plural	liukunemma	emmä liukune
2nd plural	liukunetta	että liukune
3rd plural	liukunoot	evät liukune, ei livvuttane
impersonal	livvuttannoo	ei livvuttane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		liukua	present	liukuva	livvuttava
2nd	inessive	liukujees	past	liukunt, liukunut	livvuttu
2nd	instructive	liukuen	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (liukukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	liukumaa
	inessive	liukumaas
	elative	liukumast
	abessive	liukumata
4th	nominative	liukumiin
	partitive	liukumista, liukumist

Derived terms

Related terms

liukas (“slippery”)

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 269

Finnish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Ingrian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Related terms

References