kruk

See also: Kruk

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch kruk, from Middle Dutch crucke.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /krœk/

Noun

kruk (plural krukke)

1. crutch

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /krʏk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kruk
• Rhymes: -ʏk

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch crucke, from Old Dutch *krukka, from Frankish *krukkju, from Proto-Germanic *krukjō.

Noun

kruk f (plural krukken, diminutive krukje n)

1. stool (piece of furniture without back or armrests)
2. crutch (device to assist in motion)
3. handle

Derived terms

• baarkruk
• barkruk
• deurkruk
• krukas
• krukken
• krukzolder
• melkkruk
• pianokruk

Descendants

• Afrikaans: kruk
• → Indonesian: kruk (“crutch”)
• → Papiamentu: krùk, kruk (dated)
• → West Frisian: kruk

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

kruk

1. inflection of krukken:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Anagrams

• kurk

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch kruk.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /krʊk/

Noun

kruk (plural kruk-kruk)

1. (surgery) crutch.

Further reading

• “kruk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Kashubian

Etymology

Borrowed from Low Prussian Krucke.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkruk/
• Rhymes: -uk
• Syllabification: kruk

Noun

kruk m inan

1. pitcher, jug
2. hot water bottle

Declension

Declension of kruk

	singular	plural
nominative	kruk	kruczi
genitive	kruka	kruków
dative	krukòwi	krukóm
accusative	kruka	kruczi
instrumental	krukã	krukama
locative	krukù	krukach
vocative	krukù	kruczi

Further reading

• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “dzban”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[1]
• “kruk”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkruk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uk
• Syllabification: kruk
• Homophone: Kruk

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *krukъ.

Noun

kruk m animal (diminutive kruczek)

1. raven, especially the common raven (Corvus corax)

Declension

Declension of kruk

	singular	plural
nominative	kruk	kruki
genitive	kruka	kruków
dative	krukowi	krukom
accusative	kruka	kruki
instrumental	krukiem	krukami
locative	kruku	krukach
vocative	kruku	kruki

Derived terms

(adjectives):

• kruczy
• krukowaty

(nouns):

• biały kruk
• krucz
• kruczek
• kruczę

(proverbs):

• kruk krukowi oka nie wykole
• rozdziobią nas kruki i wrony

Related terms

(verbs):

• kruczeć impf
• krukać impf

Noun

kruk m pers

1. (Warsaw) unemployed person

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ukrainian крюк (krjuk), from Old East Slavic крюкъ (krjukŭ), from Old Norse krókr, from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz.

Noun

kruk m inan

1. (regional) fire iron, poker

   Synonym: pogrzebacz

Declension

Declension of kruk

	singular	plural
nominative	kruk	kruki
genitive	kruku	kruków
dative	krukowi	krukom
accusative	kruk	kruki
instrumental	krukiem	krukami
locative	kruku	krukach
vocative	kruku	kruki

Related terms

(noun):

• kruczek

Further reading

• kruk in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• kruk in Polish dictionaries at PWN

West Frisian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch kruk, from Middle Dutch crucke.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /krøk/

Noun

kruk c (plural krukken)

1. crutch