kereta api bawah tanah

Indonesian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱers-

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós

Proto-Celtic *karros

Gaulish *karrosbor.

Latin carrus

Old Catalan carro

Old Catalan -eta

Old Catalan carretabor.?

Old Galician-Portuguese carreta

Portuguese carretabor.

Malay kereta

Indonesian kereta

Proto-Malayo-Chamic *apuy

Proto-Malayic *api

Malay api

Indonesian api

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej?

Chinese 火 (huǒ)

Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-

Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos

Proto-Tocharian *kuk(ä)lebor.?

Chinese 車／车

Chinese 火車／火车 (huǒchē)calq.

Malay kereta api

Indonesian kereta api

Indonesian bawah

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanəq

Proto-Malayic *tanah

Malay tanah

Indonesian tanah

English undergroundcalq.

Indonesian bawah tanah

Chinese 地下鐵路／地下铁路 (dìxià tiělù)calq.?

Indonesian kereta api bawah tanah

Compound of kereta api (“train”) +‎ bawah tanah (“underground”), probably calque from Chinese 地下鐵路／地下铁路 or Japanese 地下鉄道(ちかてつどう) (chikatetsudō).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kəˈrɛt̪a ˈapi ˈbawah ˈtanah]

Noun

kereta api bawah tanah (first-person possessive kereta api bawah tanahku, second-person possessive kereta api bawah tanahmu, third-person possessive kereta api bawah tanahnya)

1. (transport) underground railway

Further reading

• “kereta api bawah tanah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.