kayangan

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Balinese

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Romanization

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kayangan

  1. Romanization of ᬓᬬᬗᬦ᭄.

Indonesian

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Etymology

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [kaˈjaŋan]
  • Hyphenation: ka‧yang‧an

Noun

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kayangan (first-person possessive kayanganku, second-person possessive kayanganmu, third-person possessive kayangannya)

  1. paradise, heaven.
    Synonyms: adnan, eden, firdaus, janah, nirwana, surga, indraloka, kedewaan, keindraan, suargaloka, suralaya, surgaloka, paradiso
  2. (Balinese, Hinduism) temple.
    Synonyms: pura, kahyangan

Alternative forms

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References

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  1. ^ K. Alexander Adelaar (1992) chapter 2, in Proto Malayic: The Reconstruction of Its Phonology and Parts of Its Lexicon and Morphology‎[1], page 11: “Exceptions are loanwords, and kəyaŋan 'heaven, fairyland' which is actually morphologically complex (< +kə + +(h)iaŋ + +an).”
  2. ^ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*qiaŋ”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Further reading

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Javanese

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Romanization

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kayangan

  1. Romanization of ꦏꦪꦔꦤ꧀.

Malay

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FWOTD – 26 September 2023

Etymology

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Affixation of hiang +‎ ke- -an.[1] Cognate to Toba Batak iang and Javanese ꦏꦪꦔꦤ꧀ (kayangan).[2]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ka.ja.ŋan]
  • Hyphenation: ka‧yang‧an

Noun

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kayangan (Jawi spelling کايڠن, informal 1st possessive kayanganku, 2nd possessive kayanganmu, 3rd possessive kayangannya)

  1. paradise, heaven (the abode of the gods)
    Synonyms: inderaloka, keinderaan, syurga
  2. (figurative, often derogatory) the elite, the high and mighty (a wealthy upper class disconnected from the living reality of the masses)
    • 2021 29 April, Mohd Sharkawi Londing, “Tak kira kayangan atau marhaen, patuhi SOP”, in Kosmo!‎[3]:
      Jadi, ikutlah sistem SOP yang ditetapkan tidak kiralah siapa kita, rak­yat marhaen ke atau orang ‘ka­yangan’ ke, pokoknya patuhlah SOP yang ditetapkan.
      So please, follow the stipulated SOP (= standard operating procedure) no matter if you are commonfolk or the upper crust, by all means follow the stipulated SOP.

References

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  1. ^ K. Alexander Adelaar (1992) chapter 2, in Proto Malayic: The Reconstruction of Its Phonology and Parts of Its Lexicon and Morphology‎[2], page 11: “Exceptions are loanwords, and kəyaŋan 'heaven, fairyland' which is actually morphologically complex (< +kə + +(h)iaŋ + +an).”
  2. ^ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*qiaŋ”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Further reading

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