karjuma
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *karjudak. Cognate with Finnish karjua.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]karjuma (da-infinitive karjuda)
- (intransitive) to scream, to shout
- (intransitive) to cry
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of karjuma (ÕS type 28/õppima, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | karjun | ei karju | 1st sing. | olen karjunud | ei ole karjunud pole karjunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | karjud | 2nd sing. | oled karjunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | karjub | 3rd sing. | on karjunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | karjume | 1st plur. | oleme karjunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | karjute | 2nd plur. | olete karjunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | karjuvad | 3rd plur. | on karjunud | ||||||
| impersonal | karjutakse | ei karjuta | impersonal | on karjutud | ei ole karjutud pole karjutud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | karjusin | ei karjunud | 1st sing. | olin karjunud | ei olnud karjunud polnud karjunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | karjusid | 2nd sing. | olid karjunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | karjus | 3rd sing. | oli karjunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | karjusime | 1st plur. | olime karjunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | karjusite | 2nd plur. | olite karjunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | karjusid | 3rd plur. | oli karjunud | ||||||
| impersonal | karjuti | ei karjutud | impersonal | oli karjutud | ei olnud karjutud polnud karjutud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | karjuksin | ei karjuks | 1st sing. | karjunuksin oleksin karjunud |
ei karjunuks ei oleks karjunud poleks karjunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | karjuksid | 2nd sing. | karjunuksid oleksid karjunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | karjuks | 3rd sing. | karjunuks oleks karjunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | karjuksime | 1st plur. | karjunuksime oleksime karjunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | karjuksite | 2nd plur. | karjunuksite oleksite karjunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | karjuksid | 3rd plur. | karjunuksid oleksid karjunud | ||||||
| impersonal | karjutaks | ei karjutaks | impersonal | oleks karjutud | ei oleks karjutud poleks karjutud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | karju | ära karju | 2nd sing. | ole karjunud | ära ole karjunud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | karjugu | ärgu karjugu | 3rd sing. | olgu karjunud | ärgu olgu karjunud | ||||
| 1st plur. | karjugem | ärme karjume ärme karju ärgem karjugem |
1st plur. | olgem karjunud | ärme oleme karjunud ärme ole karjunud ärgem olgem karjunud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | karjuge | ärge karjuge | 2nd plur. | olge karjunud | ärge olge karjunud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | karjugu | ärgu karjugu | 3rd plur. | olgu karjunud | ärgu olgu karjunud | ||||
| impersonal | karjutagu | ärgu karjutagu | impersonal | olgu karjutud | ärgu olgu karjutud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | karjuvat | ei karjuvat | active | olevat karjunud | ei olevat karjunud polevat karjunud | ||||
| passive | karjutavat | ei karjutavat | passive | olevat karjutud | ei olevat karjutud polevat karjutud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | karjuma | karjutama | nominative | karjuda | olla karjunud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | karjudes | olles karjunud | |||||
| inessive | karjumas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | karjumast | present | karjuv | karjutav | |||||
| translative | karjumaks | past | karjunud | karjutud | |||||
| abessive | karjumata | negative | karjumatu | — | |||||