kapusta

See also: Kapusta, kapustą, Kapustą, kapùsta, kapùstą, and kapùstã

English

Kapusta (sense 1) with mushrooms

Kapusta (sense 2)

Etymology

From Polish kapusta, Russian капу́ста (kapústa), Slovak kapusta, Ukrainian капу́ста (kapústa).

Noun

kapusta (uncountable)

1. A dish of braised or stewed sauerkraut or cabbage, with bacon, mushroom and onion or garlic.
   • 1979, Paul Wrobel, Our Way: Family, Parish, and Neighborhood in a Polish-American Community, Notre Dame, Ind., London: University of Notre Dame Press, →ISBN, page 107:

     Fresh kiełbasa is made, center cut pork chops are trimmed just right, and the kapusta (sauerkraut) is prepared for cooking.

   • 2000, Jim Vozar, “Making Kapusta and Having Fun”, in Wisconsin Slovak‎^[1], Wisconsin Slovak Historical Society:

     Then the kapusta was packed into jars super tight and topped with a little kraut juice.

   • 2016, Kenna White, Virgin Territory‎^[2], Tallahassee, Fla.: Bella Books, →ISBN:

     And there would be the typical mother/daughter bickering over how much salt to add to the kapusta, a traditional cooked cabbage dish.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:kapusta.
2. Cabbage soup.
   • 1931, Albert Muldavin, The Red Fog Lifts, New York, N.Y., London: D. Appleton and Company, page 264:

     So you are the gentleman from America who has come to try out our kapusta (cabbage soup) and Communism. I am sure you will go back praising our kapusta.

   • 1952, Alf Evers, The Colonel’s Squad, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, page 18:

     The cabbage soup, the kapusta, it will be ready soon.

   • 1994 February 9, Beverly Bundy, “Riscky’s is back in the Saddle and almost as good”, in Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 88th year, number 290, Forth Worth, Tex., section D, page 1:

     Another interesting offering is kapusta ($1.50 cup, $2.50 bowl), a sauerkraut soup native to Poland.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:kapusta.

Further reading

• Braised sauerkraut on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Cabbage soup on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkapusta]

Noun

kapusta f

1. the Gemmifera group of cabbages

   Synonym: brukev

Declension

Declension of kapusta (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	kapusta	kapusty
genitive	kapusty	kapust
dative	kapustě	kapustám
accusative	kapustu	kapusty
vocative	kapusto	kapusty
locative	kapustě	kapustách
instrumental	kapustou	kapustami

Further reading

• “kapusta”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “kapusta”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Finnish

Etymology

Borrowed from dialectal Russian копы́стка (kopýstka) (compare Polish kopyść, kopystka).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑpustɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝pus̠tɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑpustɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): ka‧pus‧ta

Noun

kapusta

1. wooden spoon (spoon made from wood, commonly used in food preparation)

   Synonyms: puukauha, puulusikka

Declension

Inflection of kapusta (Kotus type 13/katiska, no gradation)
nominative		kapusta	kapustat
genitive		kapustan	kapustoiden kapustoitten kapustojen
partitive		kapustaa	kapustoita kapustoja
illative		kapustaan	kapustoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		kapusta	kapustat
accusative	nom.	kapusta	kapustat
	gen.	kapustan
genitive		kapustan	kapustoiden kapustoitten kapustojen kapustain rare
partitive		kapustaa	kapustoita kapustoja
inessive		kapustassa	kapustoissa
elative		kapustasta	kapustoista
illative		kapustaan	kapustoihin
adessive		kapustalla	kapustoilla
ablative		kapustalta	kapustoilta
allative		kapustalle	kapustoille
essive		kapustana	kapustoina
translative		kapustaksi	kapustoiksi
abessive		kapustatta	kapustoitta
instructive		—	kapustoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of kapusta (Kotus type 13/katiska, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kapustani kapustani accusative nom. kapustani kapustani gen. kapustani genitive kapustani kapustoideni kapustoitteni kapustojeni kapustaini rare partitive kapustaani kapustoitani kapustojani inessive kapustassani kapustoissani elative kapustastani kapustoistani illative kapustaani kapustoihini adessive kapustallani kapustoillani ablative kapustaltani kapustoiltani allative kapustalleni kapustoilleni essive kapustanani kapustoinani translative kapustakseni kapustoikseni abessive kapustattani kapustoittani instructive — — comitative — kapustoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kapustasi kapustasi accusative nom. kapustasi kapustasi gen. kapustasi genitive kapustasi kapustoidesi kapustoittesi kapustojesi kapustaisi rare partitive kapustaasi kapustoitasi kapustojasi inessive kapustassasi kapustoissasi elative kapustastasi kapustoistasi illative kapustaasi kapustoihisi adessive kapustallasi kapustoillasi ablative kapustaltasi kapustoiltasi allative kapustallesi kapustoillesi essive kapustanasi kapustoinasi translative kapustaksesi kapustoiksesi abessive kapustattasi kapustoittasi instructive — — comitative — kapustoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kapustamme kapustamme accusative nom. kapustamme kapustamme gen. kapustamme genitive kapustamme kapustoidemme kapustoittemme kapustojemme kapustaimme rare partitive kapustaamme kapustoitamme kapustojamme inessive kapustassamme kapustoissamme elative kapustastamme kapustoistamme illative kapustaamme kapustoihimme adessive kapustallamme kapustoillamme ablative kapustaltamme kapustoiltamme allative kapustallemme kapustoillemme essive kapustanamme kapustoinamme translative kapustaksemme kapustoiksemme abessive kapustattamme kapustoittamme instructive — — comitative — kapustoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kapustanne kapustanne accusative nom. kapustanne kapustanne gen. kapustanne genitive kapustanne kapustoidenne kapustoittenne kapustojenne kapustainne rare partitive kapustaanne kapustoitanne kapustojanne inessive kapustassanne kapustoissanne elative kapustastanne kapustoistanne illative kapustaanne kapustoihinne adessive kapustallanne kapustoillanne ablative kapustaltanne kapustoiltanne allative kapustallenne kapustoillenne essive kapustananne kapustoinanne translative kapustaksenne kapustoiksenne abessive kapustattanne kapustoittanne instructive — — comitative — kapustoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative kapustansa kapustansa accusative nom. kapustansa kapustansa gen. kapustansa genitive kapustansa kapustoidensa kapustoittensa kapustojensa kapustainsa rare partitive kapustaansa kapustoitaan kapustojaan kapustoitansa kapustojansa inessive kapustassaan kapustassansa kapustoissaan kapustoissansa elative kapustastaan kapustastansa kapustoistaan kapustoistansa illative kapustaansa kapustoihinsa adessive kapustallaan kapustallansa kapustoillaan kapustoillansa ablative kapustaltaan kapustaltansa kapustoiltaan kapustoiltansa allative kapustalleen kapustallensa kapustoilleen kapustoillensa essive kapustanaan kapustanansa kapustoinaan kapustoinansa translative kapustakseen kapustaksensa kapustoikseen kapustoiksensa abessive kapustattaan kapustattansa kapustoittaan kapustoittansa instructive — — comitative — kapustoineen kapustoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• kapustahaikara
• kapustarinta

 

Descendants

• → Karelian:
  • North Karelian: kapusta
  • South Karelian: kapusta

Further reading

• “kapusta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Anagrams

• pakastu, paksuta, pusakat

Ingrian

Kapusta.

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian капуста (kapusta).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑpustɑ/, [ˈkɑpus̠t]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑpustɑ/, [ˈkɑb̥uʃtɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑpust, -ɑpustɑ
• Hyphenation: ka‧pus‧ta

Noun

kapusta

1. cabbage (any of various cultivars)
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 39:

     Kapussan, lantut, porkkanat.

     Cabbage, turnips, carrots.

Declension

Declension of kapusta (type 3/kana, st-ss gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kapusta	kapussat
genitive	kapussan	kapustoin
partitive	kapustaa	kapustoja
illative	kapustaa	kapustoihe
inessive	kapussaas	kapussois
elative	kapussast	kapussoist
allative	kapussalle	kapussoille
adessive	kapussaal	kapussoil
ablative	kapussalt	kapussoilt
translative	kapussaks	kapussoiks
essive	kapustanna, kapustaan	kapustoinna, kapustoin
exessive1)	kapustant	kapustoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

• (dialectal) kaali

Derived terms

• diikkoi kapusta
• jäniksenkapusta
• kapussantaimi
• keräkapusta
• kukkakapusta
• nagriskapusta

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 119

Karelian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑpustɑ/
• Hyphenation: ka‧pus‧ta

Etymology 1

Regional variants of kapusta

North Karelian (Viena)	kapusta
South Karelian (Tver)	kapusta

Borrowed from Russian капуста (kapusta).

Noun

kapusta (genitive kapustan, partitive kapustua)

1. (South Karelian or dialectal) cabbage

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of kapusta (type 4/kala, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kapusta	kapustat
genitive	kapustan	kapustojen
partitive	kapustua	kapustoja
illative	kapustah	kapustoih
inessive	kapustašša	kapustoissa
elative	kapustašta	kapustoista
adessive	kapustalla	kapustoilla
ablative	kapustalta	kapustoilta
translative	kapustakši	kapustoiksi
essive	kapustana	kapustoina
comitative	—	kapustoineh
abessive	kapustatta	kapustoitta

Tver Karelian declension of kapusta (type 4/kala no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kapusta	kapustat
genitive	kapustan	kapustoin
partitive	kapustua	kapustoida
illative	kapustah	kapustoih
inessive	kapustašša	kapustoissa
elative	kapustašta	kapustoista
adessive	kapustalla	kapustoilla
ablative	kapustalda	kapustoilda
translative	kapustakši	kapustoiksi
essive	kapustana	kapustoina
comitative	kapustanke	kapustoinke
abessive	kapustatta	kapustoitta

Possessive forms of kapusta
1st person	kapustani
2nd person	kapustaš
3rd person	kapustah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

Synonyms

• (North Karelian) kuali, (South Karelian, dialectal) kuali

Etymology 2

Regional variants of kapusta

North Karelian (Viena)	kapusta
South Karelian (Tver)	kapusta

Borrowed from Finnish kapusta.

Noun

kapusta (genitive kapustan, partitive kapustua)

1. ladle (deep-bowled spoon)

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of kapusta (type 4/kala, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kapusta	kapustat
genitive	kapustan	kapustojen
partitive	kapustua	kapustoja
illative	kapustah	kapustoih
inessive	kapustašša	kapustoissa
elative	kapustašta	kapustoista
adessive	kapustalla	kapustoilla
ablative	kapustalta	kapustoilta
translative	kapustakši	kapustoiksi
essive	kapustana	kapustoina
comitative	—	kapustoineh
abessive	kapustatta	kapustoitta

Tver Karelian declension of kapusta (type 4/kala no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kapusta	kapustat
genitive	kapustan	kapustoin
partitive	kapustua	kapustoida
illative	kapustah	kapustoih
inessive	kapustašša	kapustoissa
elative	kapustašta	kapustoista
adessive	kapustalla	kapustoilla
ablative	kapustalda	kapustoilda
translative	kapustakši	kapustoiksi
essive	kapustana	kapustoina
comitative	kapustanke	kapustoinke
abessive	kapustatta	kapustoitta

Possessive forms of kapusta
1st person	kapustani
2nd person	kapustaš
3rd person	kapustah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

Synonyms

• (North Karelian) kauha, (South Karelian) pavarča

References

• A. V. Punzhina (1994) “kapusta”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
• Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “kapusta”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎^[4], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN
• P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “поварёшка”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

Polish

kapusta

Etymology

An old Romance borrowing, probably formed from a contamination of Medieval Latin composita and caputium. Compare Belarusian капу́ста (kapústa), Kashubian kapùsta, Russian капу́ста (kapústa), Silesian kapusta, Slovak kapusta, Ukrainian капу́ста (kapústa), Serbo-Croatian kupus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kaˈpus.ta/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -usta
• Syllabification: ka‧pus‧ta
• Homophone: Kapusta

Noun

kapusta f (diminutive kapustka, augmentative kapucha or kapuścisko, related adjective kapuściany or kapustny)

1. cabbage (plant)
2. cabbage (leaves of this plant eaten as a vegetable)
3. (slang) cabbage (cash, money)

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pieniądze

Declension

Declension of kapusta

	singular
nominative	kapusta
genitive	kapusty
dative	kapuście
accusative	kapustę
instrumental	kapustą
locative	kapuście
vocative	kapusto

Derived terms

nouns

• kapustnica
• kapustnik
• kapuścianka
• kapuścina
• kapuśniak
• kapuśnisko

 

Related terms

noun

• kapuśniaczek

 

Descendants

• → English: kapusta
• → Yiddish: קאַפּוסטע (kapuste)

Noun

kapusta m pers or f

1. (colloquial, derogatory) cabbage (person with severely reduced mental capacities due to brain damage)
2. (slang) informant, snitch (one who relays confidential information)

Declension

Declension of kapusta

	singular	plural
nominative	kapusta	kapusty
genitive	kapusty	kapustów
dative	kapuście	kapustom
accusative	kapustę	kapustów
instrumental	kapustą	kapustami
locative	kapuście	kapustach
vocative	kapusto	kapusty

Further reading

• kapusta in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• kapusta in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkapusta]

Noun

kapusta f (related adjective kapustový or kapustný, diminutive kapustička)

1. cabbage

Declension

Declension of kapusta (pattern žena)

	singular	plural
nominative	kapusta	kapusty
genitive	kapusty	kapúst
dative	kapuste	kapustám
accusative	kapustu	kapusty
locative	kapuste	kapustách
instrumental	kapustou	kapustami

Derived terms

• kapustnica
• kyslá kapusta

Descendants

• → English: kapusta

Further reading

• “kapusta”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024