k-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "k"

Translingual

Prefix

k-

1. (SI prefix) Abbreviation of kilo-.

English

Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps from OK, in phrases like OK, cool; perhaps from the K prefix for kilo-, as in kilobyte.

Prefix

k-

1. (BBS and Internet slang, dated) Used as an intensifier.
   • 1994, Dave!, “Mind Warp! Volume #02 Release Info...”, in alt.zines (Usenet):

     We have been heavily influenced by, and use the same 'zine format' as cDc and uXu. And if you think we're ripping them off.. you damn skippy! They're excellent texts and I wish to be as k-cool as them. :)

   • 1994?, "Rabid Rasta", The Real Pirate's Guide (reposted anonymously on newsgroup alt.2600, 14 August 1994)

     Corollary: Real pirates don't keep score.
     Real pirates don't say "K-K00L", "K-AWESOME", "X10DER", "L8R0N", or anything of the sort.
     Real pirates know the difference between "f" and "ph" (i.e. "philes", "phuck", "fone", etc.).

   • 1996, Jerod Pore, “k-rad warez d00d hits alt.binaries.zines - AGAIN”, in nwes.admin.net-abuse.misc (Usenet):

     My least favorite k-rad warez d00d […] has once again plastered alt.binaries.zines with millions of bytes of pirated software using a forged address at penet.

   • 1996, rj, “quake crack”, in alt.games.quake (Usenet):

     Oooo.... what use of sarcasm, I bow down to you almighty one. What really was the point of your 'post'. To defend your K-Rad Warez pals? You k-rad warez puppies are something else. Now run along and download the latest k-rad game and of course never use it, just be k00l and say you got it 0 hour.

Derived terms

• k-rad

See also

• leetspeak

References

• Eric S. Raymond (1991) The New Hacker's Dictionary

Albanian

Alternative forms

• kë-

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *ka-, from Proto-Indo-European *ko-

Prefix

k-

1. to-

Derived terms

Albanian terms prefixed with k-

Cayuga

Alternative forms

• g- (before vowels and y)

Prefix

k-

1. first person agent pronominal prefix; I

References

• Marianne Mithun, Reginald Henry (1982) Wadęwayę́stanih - A Cayuga Teaching Grammar, 3rd edition, Woodland Cultural Centre, published 2015, page 54

Emilian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k/

Adjective

k-

1. (before a vowel) Alternative form of kí

Javanese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Javanese ka-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka/, /kə/

Prefix

k-

1. passive verb-forming prefix
   1. generally for ꦏ- (ka-), from verbal base
   2. generally for ꦏ- (ka-), from nominal or verbal base, with related tools
   3. generally for ꦏꦼ- (ke-), intransitive passive verb-forming prefix

Alternative forms

• ꦏ- (ka-)
• ꦏꦼ- (ke-)

Derived terms

Javanese terms prefixed with k-

Javanese terms prefixed with ꦏ-

Javanese terms prefixed with ꦏꦼ-

Mohawk

Prefix

k-

1. first person agent pronominal prefix; I

Alternative forms

-	Initial consonant
Environment	t/s/h/k	n/r/w/’	a	e/en	o/on	i	y
Word-Initial	k-	ke-	k-	k-	k-	k-	t-

References

• Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9

Oneida

Prefix

k-

1. first person agent pronominal prefix; I

References

• Floyd Lounsbury (1953) Oneida Verb Morphology, Yale University Press, pages 59-60

Ye'kwana

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• kü-, ku-, ki- (allomorphs)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [k-]

Prefix

k-

1. Marks a noun as having a first-person-dual-inclusive possessor.
2. Marks a postposition as having a first-person-dual-inclusive object.
3. Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person-dual-inclusive patient/object when the agent/subject is of third person with verb forms that take series I markers.
4. Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person-dual-inclusive patient/object when the agent/subject is unspecified with verb forms that take series II markers.
5. Marks a transitive verb as having a second-person agent/subject and a first-person or first-person-dual-exclusive patient/object.
6. Marks an intransitive verb with agent- or patient-like argument as having a first-person-dual-inclusive argument/subject, regardless of whether the verb form takes series I or series II markers.
7. Marks a verb form derived with n- and -dü or -'jüdü as having a first-person-dual-inclusive agent/subject.

Usage notes

The form taken by this prefix depends on the first syllable of the stem it attaches to:

• k- if the first syllable begins with a vowel.
• kü- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is anything but u or i.
• ku- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is u.
• ki- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is i.

The various different transitive verbal uses of this prefix can be roughly summarized as “I am being acted on, and you are somehow involved (whether as subject or co-object).”

Inflection

Ye'kwana personal markers

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
						transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-1
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü					n-, ni-
distant past third person		—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-
With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• kii-, ki- (allomorphs)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [k-]

Prefix

k-

1. Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person-dual-inclusive agent/subject.

Usage notes

The form taken by this prefix depends on the first syllable of the stem it attaches to:

• k- if the first syllable begins with a vowel. In addition, if the first syllable is an open syllable, then its vowel is lengthened.
• kii- if the first syllable begins with a consonant.
• ki- if the first syllable begins with two consonants, e.g. as a result of syllable reduction.

In the latter two cases the initial consonant is also palatalized if possible.

Inflection

Ye'kwana personal markers

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
						transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-1
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü					n-, ni-
distant past third person		—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-
With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above

References

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[1], Lyon, pages 171–172, 181–182, 189–190, 194–195