jednak
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Kashubian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]jednak
Particle
[edit]jednak
- expresses an unexpected situation; after all
Further reading
[edit]- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “jednak”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 61
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “jednak”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[1]
- “jednak”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Clipping of jednako, from Old Polish jednako.[1][2] First attested in 1500–1547.[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]jednak
- however
- (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon[2], page 439b:
- Tamen coniunctio, Wſzákże/ yednák wżdy.
- [Tamen coniunctio, Wszakże/ jednak wżdy.]
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon[3], page 439b:
- tu tamen perge ut coepisti, Ty yednák pochadzay przedſię yákoś pocżął.
- [tu tamen perge ut coepisti, Ty jednak pochadzaj przedsię jakoś począł.]
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon[4], page 489a:
- Verum coniunctio, Ale/ wżdy/ yednák.
- [Verum coniunctio, Ale/ wżdy/ jednak.]
Particle
[edit]jednak
- expressing an unexpected situation; after all
- Szef powiedział, że jednak musimy przyjść do biura jutro. ― The boss said that we have to come in to the office tomorrow after all.
- (Middle Polish) indeed, really, actually
- Synonyms: naprawdę, rzeczywiście, zaprawdę
- (Middle Polish) unfortunately
- Synonym: niestety
- (Middle Polish) at least
- Synonym: przynajmniej
- (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon[5], page 9a:
- Anantapodoton, […] Niezupełne wyrzeczenie słów/ które yednák máyą być rozumiáne.
- [Anantapodoton, […] Niezupełne wyrzeczenie słów/ które jednak mają być rozumiane.]
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon[6], page 73d:
- Currentem incitare, Nápomináć tego/ ktory yednák doſyć z ſiebie czini.
- [Currentem incitare, Napominać tego/ który jednak dosyć z siebie czyni.]
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon[7], page 509c:
- Vti Yáko gdy. Vtique, Yednak.
- [Vti Jako gdy. Vtique, Jednak.]
- 1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum[8], page 111a:
- Attamen ‒ Wſzakze. Iednak
- [Attamen ‒ Wszakże. Jednak]
Adverb
[edit]jednak (not comparable)
- (Middle Polish) identically
- (Middle Polish) unchangingly
- Synonym: niezmiennie
Descendants
[edit]Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jednak is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 209 times in scientific texts, 76 times in news, 173 times in essays, 129 times in fiction, and 81 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 668 times, making it the 69th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “jednak”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “jednak”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “jednak”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “jednak”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 163
Further reading
[edit]- jednak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- jednak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “JEDNAK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2011 March 2
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “jednak”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “jednak”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jednak”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 154
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]jȅdnāk (Cyrillic spelling је̏дна̄к, definite jȅdnākī)
Declension
[edit]indefinite forms
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | jednak | jednaka | jednako | |
genitive | jednaka | jednake | jednaka | |
dative | jednaku | jednakoj | jednaku | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
jednak jednaka |
jednaku | jednako |
vocative | jednak | jednaka | jednako | |
locative | jednaku | jednakoj | jednaku | |
instrumental | jednakim | jednakom | jednakim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | jednaki | jednake | jednaka | |
genitive | jednakih | jednakih | jednakih | |
dative | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | |
accusative | jednake | jednake | jednaka | |
vocative | jednaki | jednake | jednaka | |
locative | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | |
instrumental | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) |
definite forms
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | jednaki | jednaka | jednako | |
genitive | jednakog(a) | jednake | jednakog(a) | |
dative | jednakom(u/e) | jednakoj | jednakom(u/e) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
jednaki jednakog(a) |
jednaku | jednako |
vocative | jednaki | jednaka | jednako | |
locative | jednakom(e/u) | jednakoj | jednakom(e/u) | |
instrumental | jednakim | jednakom | jednakim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | jednaki | jednake | jednaka | |
genitive | jednakih | jednakih | jednakih | |
dative | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | |
accusative | jednake | jednake | jednaka | |
vocative | jednaki | jednake | jednaka | |
locative | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | |
instrumental | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) |
Silesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]jednak
Particle
[edit]jednak
- expressing an unexpected situation; after all
Further reading
[edit]Categories:
- Kashubian terms borrowed from Polish
- Kashubian terms derived from Polish
- Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ɛdnak
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ɛdnak/2 syllables
- Kashubian lemmas
- Kashubian conjunctions
- Kashubian particles
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish clippings
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛdnak
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛdnak/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish conjunctions
- Middle Polish
- Polish terms with uncertain meaning
- Polish terms with quotations
- Polish particles
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Polish adverbs
- Polish uncomparable adverbs
- Polish manner adverbs
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian adjectives
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples
- Silesian terms borrowed from Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Polish
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɛdnak
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɛdnak/2 syllables
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian conjunctions
- Silesian particles