jakby
Appearance
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From jak + -by. First attested in the end of the fifteenth century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]jakby
- as if, like
- 1901 [End of the fifteenth century], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume II, page 320:
- Proszyl Ihusa, bi szam oblycznye do nyego stąpyl, yakbi nye dowyerzal, bi pan Ihs mogl vszdrowycz szina gego nye stąpvyącz oblycznye do nyego (ac si non credidisset eum in absentia posse sanare)
- [Prosił Ihusa, by sam oblicznie do niego stąpił, jakby nie dowierzał, by pan Ihs mogł uzdrowić syna jego, nie stępując oblicznie do niego (ac si non credidisset eum in absentia posse sanare)]
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “jakby”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish jakby. By surface analysis, jak + -by. Compare Kashubian jakbë.
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]jakby
- introduces an unreal conditional; if
- as if, as though
- (obsolete) just to
- (Middle Polish) in order to, so that
- (Middle Polish) introduces a subordinate clause; that
- Synonym: że
- (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon[1], page 479b:
- Velut, veluti adverbia similitudinis, Iákoby/ równie ták/ yáko.
- [Velut, veluti adverbia similitudinis, Jakoby/ równie tak/ jako.]
- (Middle Polish) as, at the same time as; Further details are uncertain.
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon[2], page 338c:
- Quasi adver. similitudinis Iákoby/ Równie ták.
- [Quasi adver. similitudinis jakoby/ Równie tak.]
Declension
[edit]Combined forms of jakby
Particle
[edit]jakby
- kinda, like, as though
- as if, as though
- (Middle Polish) almost, nearly; approximately
- Synonyms: prawie, mniej więcej, niemal, około
- (Middle Polish) clarification particle; that is; namely; for example
- (Middle Polish) creates a conditional third person imperative; let, may
- Synonym: niechby
- (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
Derived terms
[edit]conjunction/particle
Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jakby is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 18 times in scientific texts, 1 time in news, 7 times in essays, 143 times in fiction, and 89 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 258 times, making it the 203rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- jakby in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- jakby in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “jakby”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “JAKBY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 28.07.2021
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “jakby”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “jakby”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jakby”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 127
Silesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish jakby. By surface analysis, jak + -by.
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]jakby
Declension
[edit]Combined forms of jakby
Further reading
[edit]- jakby in silling.org
Categories:
- Old Polish terms suffixed with -by
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish conjunctions
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms suffixed with -by
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/aɡbɘ
- Rhymes:Polish/aɡbɘ/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish conjunctions
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- Middle Polish
- Polish terms with uncertain meaning
- Polish terms with quotations
- Polish particles
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms suffixed with -by
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/aɡbɪ
- Rhymes:Silesian/aɡbɪ/2 syllables
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian conjunctions