invernar

Galician

Etymology

Attested since circa 1300 (ynuernar). From Latin hībernāre. Doublet of hibernar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [imbɛɾˈnaɾ]

Verb

invernar (first-person singular present inverno, first-person singular preterite invernei, past participle invernado)

1. to winter

Conjugation

    Conjugation of invernar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	invernar
Personal	invernar	invernares	invernar	invernarmos	invernardes	invernaren
Gerund
	invernando
Past participle
Masculine	invernado			invernados
Feminine	invernada			invernadas
Indicative
Present	inverno	invernas	inverna	invernamos	invernades	invernan
Imperfect	invernaba	invernabas	invernaba	invernabamos	invernabades	invernaban
Preterite	invernei	invernaches	invernou	invernamos	invernastes	invernaron
Pluperfect	invernara	invernaras	invernara	invernaramos	invernarades	invernaran
Future	invernarei	invernarás	invernará	invernaremos	invernaredes	invernarán
Conditional	invernaría	invernarías	invernaría	invernariamos	invernariades	invernarían
Subjunctive
Present	inverne	invernes	inverne	invernemos	invernedes	invernen
Imperfect	invernase	invernases	invernase	invernásemos	invernásedes	invernasen
Future	invernar	invernares	invernar	invernarmos	invernardes	invernaren
Imperative
Affirmative		inverna	inverne	invernemos	invernade	invernen
Negative (non)		non invernes	non inverne	non invernemos	non invernedes	non invernen

    Reintegrated conjugation of invernar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	invernar
Personal	invernar	invernares	invernar	invernarmos	invernardes	invernarem
Gerund
	invernando
Past participle
Masculine	invernado			invernados
Feminine	invernada			invernadas
Indicative
Present	inverno	invernas	inverna	invernamos	invernades, invernais	invernam
Imperfect	invernava	invernavas	invernava	invernávamos	invernávades, invernáveis, invernávais1	invernavam
Preterite	invernei	invernaste, invernache1	invernou	invernamos	invernastes	invernárom, invernaram
Pluperfect	invernara	invernaras	invernara	invernáramos	invernárades, invernáreis, invernárais1	invernaram
Future	invernarei	invernarás	invernará	invernaremos	invernaredes, invernareis	invernarám, invernarão
Conditional	invernaria	invernarias	invernaria	invernaríamos	invernaríades, invernaríeis, invernaríais1	invernariam
Subjunctive
Present	inverne	invernes	inverne	invernemos	invernedes, inverneis	invernem
Imperfect	invernasse	invernasses	invernasse	invernássemos	invernássedes, invernásseis	invernassem
Future	invernar	invernares	invernar	invernarmos	invernardes	invernarem
Imperative
Affirmative		inverna	inverne	invernemos	invernade, invernai	invernem
Negative (nom)		nom invernes	nom inverne	nom invernemos	nom invernedes, nom inverneis	nom invernem

¹Less recommended.

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ynuernar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “ynuernar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “invernar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “invernar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “invernar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “invernar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “invernar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin hībernāre. Compare the borrowed doublet hibernar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.veʁˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.veɦˈna(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.veʁˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.veɦˈna(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ĩ.veɾˈna(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ĩ.veʁˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.veʁˈna(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.veɻˈna(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.vɨɾˈnaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.vɨɾˈnaɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.bɨɾˈnaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.vɨɾˈna.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: in‧ver‧nar

Verb

invernar (first-person singular present inverno, first-person singular preterite invernei, past participle invernado)

1. to winter (spend the winter, as in a particular place on holiday)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of invernar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	invernar
Personal	invernar	invernares	invernar	invernarmos	invernardes	invernarem
Gerund
	invernando
Past participle
Masculine	invernado			invernados
Feminine	invernada			invernadas
Indicative
Present	inverno	invernas	inverna	invernamos	invernais	invernam
Imperfect	invernava	invernavas	invernava	invernávamos	invernáveis	invernavam
Preterite	invernei	invernaste	invernou	invernamos1, invernámos2	invernastes	invernaram
Pluperfect	invernara	invernaras	invernara	invernáramos	invernáreis	invernaram
Future	invernarei	invernarás	invernará	invernaremos	invernareis	invernarão
Conditional	invernaria	invernarias	invernaria	invernaríamos	invernaríeis	invernariam
Subjunctive
Present	inverne	invernes	inverne	invernemos	inverneis	invernem
Imperfect	invernasse	invernasses	invernasse	invernássemos	invernásseis	invernassem
Future	invernar	invernares	invernar	invernarmos	invernardes	invernarem
Imperative
Affirmative		inverna	inverne	invernemos	invernai	invernem
Negative (não)		não invernes	não inverne	não invernemos	não inverneis	não invernem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin hībernāre. Compare the borrowed doublet hibernar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /imbeɾˈnaɾ/ [ĩm.beɾˈnaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: in‧ver‧nar

Verb

invernar (first-person singular present invierno or inverno, first-person singular preterite inverné, past participle invernado)

1. (intransitive) to hibernate, to winter

Conjugation

    Conjugation of invernar (e-ie alternation or non-alternating) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			invernar
gerund			invernando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		invernado		invernada
		plural		invernados		invernadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	invierno, inverno	inviernas, invernastú invernásvos	invierna, inverna	invernamos	invernáis	inviernan, invernan
	imperfect	invernaba	invernabas	invernaba	invernábamos	invernabais	invernaban
	preterite	inverné	invernaste	invernó	invernamos	invernasteis	invernaron
	future	invernaré	invernarás	invernará	invernaremos	invernaréis	invernarán
	conditional	invernaría	invernarías	invernaría	invernaríamos	invernaríais	invernarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	invierne, inverne	inviernes, invernestú invernésvos2	invierne, inverne	invernemos	invernéis	inviernen, invernen
	imperfect (ra)	invernara	invernaras	invernara	invernáramos	invernarais	invernaran
	imperfect (se)	invernase	invernases	invernase	invernásemos	invernaseis	invernasen
	future1	invernare	invernares	invernare	invernáremos	invernareis	invernaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		invierna, invernatú invernávos	invierne, inverne	invernemos	invernad	inviernen, invernen
	negative		no inviernes, no invernes	no invierne, no inverne	no invernemos	no invernéis	no inviernen, no invernen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Derived terms

• invernadero

 

Related terms

• hibernar
• invierno
• ivernar

 

Further reading

• “invernar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10