inimicus
Appearance
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From in- (“not”) + amīcus (“friend”).
For the word formation compare Russian не́друг (nédrug, “enemy, foe”) formed as не- (ne-) + друг (drug, “close friend”), неприя́тель (neprijátelʹ, “enemy, adversary”) formed as не- (ne-) + прия́тель (prijátelʹ, “friend, chum”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /i.niˈmiː.kus/, [ɪnɪˈmiːkʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /i.niˈmi.kus/, [iniˈmiːkus]
Noun
[edit]inimīcus m (genitive inimīcī); second declension
- enemy, foe (someone who is hostile to, feels hatred towards, opposes the interests of, or intends injury to someone else)
- Synonym: hostis
Declension
[edit]Second-declension noun.
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | inimīcus | inimīcī |
genitive | inimīcī | inimīcōrum |
dative | inimīcō | inimīcīs |
accusative | inimīcum | inimīcōs |
ablative | inimīcō | inimīcīs |
vocative | inimīce | inimīcī |
Descendants
[edit]- Balkan Romance:
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- Sardinian:
- Sardinian: anemigu
- Padanian:
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Borrowings:
Adjective
[edit]inimīcus (feminine inimīca, neuter inimīcum, comparative inimicior, superlative inimicissimus); first/second-declension adjective
- unfriendly, hostile, inimical
- Synonyms: hostīlis, īnfestus, īnfēnsus, oblīquus, adversus, dīversus, āversus, inīquus
- Antonyms: affābilis, amīcābilis, facilis, benevolēns
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.67–68:
- “Gēns inimīca mihī Tyrrhēnum nāvigat aequor,
Īlium in Ītaliam portāns vīctōsque Penātēs.”- “A race inimical to me is sailing the calm Tyrrhenian Sea, bringing Ilium to Italy, along with [their] conquered household-gods.”
(Juno is describing the Trojan war survivors led by Aeneas. See: Tyrrhenian Sea; Troy; Di Penates.)
- “A race inimical to me is sailing the calm Tyrrhenian Sea, bringing Ilium to Italy, along with [their] conquered household-gods.”
- “Gēns inimīca mihī Tyrrhēnum nāvigat aequor,
- injurious
Declension
[edit]First/second-declension adjective.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | inimīcus | inimīca | inimīcum | inimīcī | inimīcae | inimīca | |
genitive | inimīcī | inimīcae | inimīcī | inimīcōrum | inimīcārum | inimīcōrum | |
dative | inimīcō | inimīcae | inimīcō | inimīcīs | |||
accusative | inimīcum | inimīcam | inimīcum | inimīcōs | inimīcās | inimīca | |
ablative | inimīcō | inimīcā | inimīcō | inimīcīs | |||
vocative | inimīce | inimīca | inimīcum | inimīcī | inimīcae | inimīca |
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “inimicus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “inimicus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- inimicus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- inimicus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Professor Kidd, et al. Collins Gem Latin Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers (Glasgow: 2004). →ISBN. page 180.