graver
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English gravere, graver, gravoure, from Old English græfere, grafere (“graver; engraver; sculptor”), equivalent to grave (“to engrave”) + -er. Cognate with Dutch graveur, German Graveur, Danish gravør, Swedish gravör, Icelandic grafari.
Noun
[edit]graver (plural gravers)
- (dated) a burin
- (obsolete) a carver, sculptor, or engraver
- 1852-1854, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures
- The graver, in ploughing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or burrs.
- a. 1798, James Barry, Observations on different works of art in France and Ital:
- […] the parts within the contorno are drawn by the incisions of the graver […]
- 1852-1854, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures
Translations
[edit]burin — see burin
Etymology 2
[edit]From grave (adjective) + -er.
Adjective
[edit]graver
- comparative form of grave: more grave
Anagrams
[edit]Danish
[edit]Noun
[edit]graver c (singular definite graveren, plural indefinite gravere)
Declension
[edit]Declension of graver
Verb
[edit]graver
- present tense of grave
- imperative of gravere
References
[edit]- “graver” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Dutch grāvere. Equivalent to graven + -er.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]graver m (plural gravers, diminutive gravertje n, feminine graafster)
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French, from Frankish *graban, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną. Akin to English grave (“pit for burial”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]graver
Usage notes
[edit]- Not to be confused with gravir.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of graver (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | graver | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | gravant /ɡʁa.vɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | gravé /ɡʁa.ve/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | grave /ɡʁav/ |
graves /ɡʁav/ |
grave /ɡʁav/ |
gravons /ɡʁa.vɔ̃/ |
gravez /ɡʁa.ve/ |
gravent /ɡʁav/ |
| imperfect | gravais /ɡʁa.vɛ/ |
gravais /ɡʁa.vɛ/ |
gravait /ɡʁa.vɛ/ |
gravions /ɡʁa.vjɔ̃/ |
graviez /ɡʁa.vje/ |
gravaient /ɡʁa.vɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gravai /ɡʁa.ve/ |
gravas /ɡʁa.va/ |
grava /ɡʁa.va/ |
gravâmes /ɡʁa.vam/ |
gravâtes /ɡʁa.vat/ |
gravèrent /ɡʁa.vɛʁ/ | |
| future | graverai /ɡʁa.vʁe/ |
graveras /ɡʁa.vʁa/ |
gravera /ɡʁa.vʁa/ |
graverons /ɡʁa.vʁɔ̃/ |
graverez /ɡʁa.vʁe/ |
graveront /ɡʁa.vʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | graverais /ɡʁa.vʁɛ/ |
graverais /ɡʁa.vʁɛ/ |
graverait /ɡʁa.vʁɛ/ |
graverions /ɡʁa.və.ʁjɔ̃/ |
graveriez /ɡʁa.və.ʁje/ |
graveraient /ɡʁa.vʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | grave /ɡʁav/ |
graves /ɡʁav/ |
grave /ɡʁav/ |
gravions /ɡʁa.vjɔ̃/ |
graviez /ɡʁa.vje/ |
gravent /ɡʁav/ |
| imperfect2 | gravasse /ɡʁa.vas/ |
gravasses /ɡʁa.vas/ |
gravât /ɡʁa.va/ |
gravassions /ɡʁa.va.sjɔ̃/ |
gravassiez /ɡʁa.va.sje/ |
gravassent /ɡʁa.vas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | grave /ɡʁav/ |
— | gravons /ɡʁa.vɔ̃/ |
gravez /ɡʁa.ve/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “graver”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch graveur, from French graveur.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]gravér (uncountable)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “graver” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
[edit]Verb
[edit]graver
Middle English
[edit]Noun
[edit]graver
- Alternative form of gravere
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]graver m (definite singular graveren, indefinite plural gravere, definite plural graverne)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- gravar (Nynorsk)
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]graver m or f
- indefinite plural of grav
Etymology 3
[edit]Noun
[edit]graver m
Etymology 4
[edit]Verb
[edit]graver
- present tense of grave
- imperative of gravere
References
[edit]Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Noun
[edit]graver f
- indefinite plural of grav
Categories:
- English 2-syllable words
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- Rhymes:English/eɪvə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/eɪvə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)
- English lemmas
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- en:Occupations
- en:Tools
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
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- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)
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- Rhymes:Dutch/aːvər
- Dutch lemmas
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- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine nouns
- French terms derived from Old French
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- French lemmas
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- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/ɑːʋər
- Norwegian Bokmål terms suffixed with -er
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
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