graduar

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ɡɾə.ðuˈa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ɡɾa.ðuˈaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

graduar (first-person singular present graduo, first-person singular preterite graduí, past participle graduat)

1. to graduate, grade
2. to mark, grade, score
3. (reflexive) to graduate (in university, college etc.)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of graduar (first conjugation)

infinitive			graduar
gerund			graduant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		graduat		graduada
		plural		graduats		graduades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	graduo	gradues	gradua	graduem	gradueu	graduen
	imperfect	graduava	graduaves	graduava	graduàvem	graduàveu	graduaven
	future	graduaré	graduaràs	graduarà	graduarem	graduareu	graduaran
	preterite	graduí	graduares	graduà	graduàrem	graduàreu	graduaren
	conditional	graduaria	graduaries	graduaria	graduaríem	graduaríeu	graduarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	graduï	graduïs	graduï	graduem	gradueu	graduïn
	imperfect	gradués	graduessis	gradués	graduéssim	graduéssiu	graduessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	gradua	graduï	graduem	gradueu	graduïn
	negative (no)	—	no graduïs	no graduï	no graduem	no gradueu	no graduïn

Derived terms

• graduable

Related terms

• graduació

Further reading

• “graduar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “graduar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “graduar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “graduar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin graduāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.duˈa(ʁ)/ [ɡɾa.dʊˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ɡɾaˈdwa(ʁ)/ [ɡɾaˈdwa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.duˈa(ʁ)/ [ɡɾa.dʊˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ɡɾaˈdwa(ʁ)/ [ɡɾaˈdwa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.duˈa(ɾ)/ [ɡɾa.dʊˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ɡɾaˈdwa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.duˈa(ʁ)/ [ɡɾa.dʊˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ɡɾaˈdwa(ʁ)/ [ɡɾaˈdwa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.duˈa(ɻ)/ [ɡɾa.dʊˈa(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /ɡɾaˈdwa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɐˈdwaɾ/ [ɡɾɐˈðwaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɐˈdwaɾ/ [ɡɾɐˈðwaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɐˈdwa.ɾi/ [ɡɾɐˈðwa.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: gra‧du‧ar

Verb

graduar (first-person singular present graduo, first-person singular preterite graduei, past participle graduado)

1. to graduate, calibrate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of graduar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	graduar
Personal	graduar	graduares	graduar	graduarmos	graduardes	graduarem
Gerund
	graduando
Past participle
Masculine	graduado			graduados
Feminine	graduada			graduadas
Indicative
Present	graduo	graduas	gradua	graduamos	graduais	graduam
Imperfect	graduava	graduavas	graduava	graduávamos	graduáveis	graduavam
Preterite	graduei	graduaste	graduou	graduamos1, graduámos2	graduastes	graduaram
Pluperfect	graduara	graduaras	graduara	graduáramos	graduáreis	graduaram
Future	graduarei	graduarás	graduará	graduaremos	graduareis	graduarão
Conditional	graduaria	graduarias	graduaria	graduaríamos	graduaríeis	graduariam
Subjunctive
Present	gradue	gradues	gradue	graduemos	gradueis	graduem
Imperfect	graduasse	graduasses	graduasse	graduássemos	graduásseis	graduassem
Future	graduar	graduares	graduar	graduarmos	graduardes	graduarem
Imperative
Affirmative		gradua	gradue	graduemos	graduai	graduem
Negative (não)		não gradues	não gradue	não graduemos	não gradueis	não graduem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• graduável

Related terms

• graduação

Further reading

• “graduar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɾaˈdwaɾ/ [ɡɾaˈð̞waɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: gra‧duar

Verb

graduar (first-person singular present gradúo, first-person singular preterite gradué, past participle graduado)

1. to graduate
2. to calibrate, adjust (an instrument)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of graduar (u-ú alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			graduar
gerund			graduando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		graduado		graduada
		plural		graduados		graduadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	gradúo	gradúastú graduásvos	gradúa	graduamos	graduáis	gradúan
	imperfect	graduaba	graduabas	graduaba	graduábamos	graduabais	graduaban
	preterite	gradué	graduaste	graduó	graduamos	graduasteis	graduaron
	future	graduaré	graduarás	graduará	graduaremos	graduaréis	graduarán
	conditional	graduaría	graduarías	graduaría	graduaríamos	graduaríais	graduarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	gradúe	gradúestú graduésvos2	gradúe	graduemos	graduéis	gradúen
	imperfect (ra)	graduara	graduaras	graduara	graduáramos	graduarais	graduaran
	imperfect (se)	graduase	graduases	graduase	graduásemos	graduaseis	graduasen
	future1	graduare	graduares	graduare	graduáremos	graduareis	graduaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		gradúatú graduávos	gradúe	graduemos	graduad	gradúen
	negative		no gradúes	no gradúe	no graduemos	no graduéis	no gradúen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of graduar (u-ú alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive graduar	dative	graduarme	graduarte	graduarle, graduarse	graduarnos	graduaros	graduarles, graduarse
	accusative	graduarme	graduarte	graduarlo, graduarla, graduarse	graduarnos	graduaros	graduarlos, graduarlas, graduarse
with gerund graduando	dative	graduándome	graduándote	graduándole, graduándose	graduándonos	graduándoos	graduándoles, graduándose
	accusative	graduándome	graduándote	graduándolo, graduándola, graduándose	graduándonos	graduándoos	graduándolos, graduándolas, graduándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative gradúa	dative	gradúame	gradúate	gradúale	gradúanos	not used	gradúales
	accusative	gradúame	gradúate	gradúalo, gradúala	gradúanos	not used	gradúalos, gradúalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative graduá	dative	graduame	graduate	graduale	graduanos	not used	graduales
	accusative	graduame	graduate	gradualo, graduala	graduanos	not used	gradualos, gradualas
with formal second-person singular imperative gradúe	dative	gradúeme	not used	gradúele, gradúese	gradúenos	not used	gradúeles
	accusative	gradúeme	not used	gradúelo, gradúela, gradúese	gradúenos	not used	gradúelos, gradúelas
with first-person plural imperative graduemos	dative	not used	graduémoste	graduémosle	graduémonos	graduémoos	graduémosles
	accusative	not used	graduémoste	graduémoslo, graduémosla	graduémonos	graduémoos	graduémoslos, graduémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative graduad	dative	graduadme	not used	graduadle	graduadnos	graduaos	graduadles
	accusative	graduadme	not used	graduadlo, graduadla	graduadnos	graduaos	graduadlos, graduadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative gradúen	dative	gradúenme	not used	gradúenle	gradúennos	not used	gradúenles, gradúense
	accusative	gradúenme	not used	gradúenlo, gradúenla	gradúennos	not used	gradúenlos, gradúenlas, gradúense

Derived terms

• graduable

 

Related terms

• grado
• graduación

 

Further reading

• “graduar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10