furdal
Appearance
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in 1533. From fúr (“to drill, to bore”) + -dal (frequentative verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]furdal
Usage notes
[edit]Today it is almost only used with lelkiismeret (“conscience”) (or concepts like bűntudat (“guilt, remorse”)) and kíváncsiság (“curiosity”) as well as in the phrase below, otherwise it is archaic.
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of furdal
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | furdalok | furdalsz | furdal | furdalunk | furdaltok | furdalnak | |
Def. | furdalom | furdalod | furdalja | furdaljuk | furdaljátok | furdalják | |||
2nd-p. o. | furdallak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | furdaltam | furdaltál | furdalt | furdaltunk | furdaltatok | furdaltak | ||
Def. | furdaltam | furdaltad | furdalta | furdaltuk | furdaltátok | furdalták | |||
2nd-p. o. | furdaltalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. furdalni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | furdalék | furdalál | furdala | furdalánk | furdalátok | furdalának | ||
Def. | furdalám | furdalád | furdalá | furdalánk | furdalátok | furdalák | |||
2nd-p. o. | furdalálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. furdal vala, furdalt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | furdalandok | furdalandasz | furdaland | furdalandunk | furdalandotok | furdalandanak | ||
Def. | furdalandom | furdalandod | furdalandja | furdalandjuk | furdalandjátok | furdalandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | furdalandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | furdalnék | furdalnál | furdalna | furdalnánk | furdalnátok | furdalnának | |
Def. | furdalnám | furdalnád | furdalná | furdalnánk (or furdalnók) |
furdalnátok | furdalnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | furdalnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. furdalt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | furdaljak | furdalj or furdaljál |
furdaljon | furdaljunk | furdaljatok | furdaljanak | |
Def. | furdaljam | furdald or furdaljad |
furdalja | furdaljuk | furdaljátok | furdalják | |||
2nd-p. o. | furdaljalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. furdalt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | furdalni | furdalnom | furdalnod | furdalnia | furdalnunk | furdalnotok | furdalniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
furdalás | furdaló | furdalt | furdalandó | furdalva (furdalván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of furdal
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | furdalhatok | furdalhatsz | furdalhat | furdalhatunk | furdalhattok | furdalhatnak | |
Def. | furdalhatom | furdalhatod | furdalhatja | furdalhatjuk | furdalhatjátok | furdalhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | furdalhatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | furdalhattam | furdalhattál | furdalhatott | furdalhattunk | furdalhattatok | furdalhattak | ||
Def. | furdalhattam | furdalhattad | furdalhatta | furdalhattuk | furdalhattátok | furdalhatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | furdalhattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | furdalhaték | furdalhatál | furdalhata | furdalhatánk | furdalhatátok | furdalhatának | ||
Def. | furdalhatám | furdalhatád | furdalhatá | furdalhatánk | furdalhatátok | furdalhaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | furdalhatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. furdalhat vala, furdalhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | furdalhatandok or furdalandhatok |
furdalhatandasz or furdalandhatsz |
furdalhatand or furdalandhat |
furdalhatandunk or furdalandhatunk |
furdalhatandotok or furdalandhattok |
furdalhatandanak or furdalandhatnak | ||
Def. | furdalhatandom or furdalandhatom |
furdalhatandod or furdalandhatod |
furdalhatandja or furdalandhatja |
furdalhatandjuk or furdalandhatjuk |
furdalhatandjátok or furdalandhatjátok |
furdalhatandják or furdalandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | furdalhatandalak or furdalandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | furdalhatnék | furdalhatnál | furdalhatna | furdalhatnánk | furdalhatnátok | furdalhatnának | |
Def. | furdalhatnám | furdalhatnád | furdalhatná | furdalhatnánk (or furdalhatnók) |
furdalhatnátok | furdalhatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | furdalhatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. furdalhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | furdalhassak | furdalhass or furdalhassál |
furdalhasson | furdalhassunk | furdalhassatok | furdalhassanak | |
Def. | furdalhassam | furdalhasd or furdalhassad |
furdalhassa | furdalhassuk | furdalhassátok | furdalhassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | furdalhassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. furdalhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (furdalhatni) | (furdalhatnom) | (furdalhatnod) | (furdalhatnia) | (furdalhatnunk) | (furdalhatnotok) | (furdalhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | furdalható | Neg. adj. | furdalhatatlan | Adv. part. | (furdalhatva / furdalhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
References
[edit]- ^ furdal in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.), at the entry of fúr.
Further reading
[edit]- furdal in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN