externar

Portuguese

Etymology

From externo +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.teʁˈna(ʁ)/ [is.teɦˈna(h)], /es.teʁˈna(ʁ)/ [es.teɦˈna(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.teʁˈna(ʁ)/ [is.teɦˈna(h)], /es.teʁˈna(ʁ)/ [es.teɦˈna(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /is.teɾˈna(ɾ)/, /es.teɾˈna(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /iʃ.teʁˈna(ʁ)/ [iʃ.teʁˈna(χ)], /eʃ.teʁˈna(ʁ)/ [eʃ.teʁˈna(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /es.teɻˈna(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐjʃ.tɨɾˈnaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐjʃ.tɨɾˈnaɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ejʃ.tɨɾˈnaɾ/
  • (Central Portugal) IPA^(key): /ejʃ.tɨɾˈnaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /eʃ.tɨɾˈna.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: ex‧ter‧nar

Verb

externar (first-person singular present externo, first-person singular preterite externei, past participle externado) (transitive)

1. to externalize

   Synonym: externalizar

2. to open up, to vent

Conjugation

    Conjugation of externar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	externar
Personal	externar	externares	externar	externarmos	externardes	externarem
Gerund
	externando
Past participle
Masculine	externado			externados
Feminine	externada			externadas
Indicative
Present	externo	externas	externa	externamos	externais	externam
Imperfect	externava	externavas	externava	externávamos	externáveis	externavam
Preterite	externei	externaste	externou	externamos1, externámos2	externastes	externaram
Pluperfect	externara	externaras	externara	externáramos	externáreis	externaram
Future	externarei	externarás	externará	externaremos	externareis	externarão
Conditional	externaria	externarias	externaria	externaríamos	externaríeis	externariam
Subjunctive
Present	externe	externes	externe	externemos	externeis	externem
Imperfect	externasse	externasses	externasse	externássemos	externásseis	externassem
Future	externar	externares	externar	externarmos	externardes	externarem
Imperative
Affirmative		externa	externe	externemos	externai	externem
Negative (não)		não externes	não externe	não externemos	não externeis	não externem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

References

• “externar”, in Dicio – Dicionário Online de Português (in Portuguese), Porto: 7Graus, 2009–2025

Spanish

Verb

externar (first-person singular present externo, first-person singular preterite externé, past participle externado)

1. to express

Conjugation

    Conjugation of externar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			externar
gerund			externando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		externado		externada
		plural		externados		externadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	externo	externastú externásvos	externa	externamos	externáis	externan
	imperfect	externaba	externabas	externaba	externábamos	externabais	externaban
	preterite	externé	externaste	externó	externamos	externasteis	externaron
	future	externaré	externarás	externará	externaremos	externaréis	externarán
	conditional	externaría	externarías	externaría	externaríamos	externaríais	externarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	externe	externestú externésvos2	externe	externemos	externéis	externen
	imperfect (ra)	externara	externaras	externara	externáramos	externarais	externaran
	imperfect (se)	externase	externases	externase	externásemos	externaseis	externasen
	future1	externare	externares	externare	externáremos	externareis	externaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		externatú externávos	externe	externemos	externad	externen
	negative		no externes	no externe	no externemos	no externéis	no externen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of externar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive externar	dative	externarme	externarte	externarle, externarse	externarnos	externaros	externarles, externarse
	accusative	externarme	externarte	externarlo, externarla, externarse	externarnos	externaros	externarlos, externarlas, externarse
with gerund externando	dative	externándome	externándote	externándole, externándose	externándonos	externándoos	externándoles, externándose
	accusative	externándome	externándote	externándolo, externándola, externándose	externándonos	externándoos	externándolos, externándolas, externándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative externa	dative	extérname	extérnate	extérnale	extérnanos	not used	extérnales
	accusative	extérname	extérnate	extérnalo, extérnala	extérnanos	not used	extérnalos, extérnalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative externá	dative	extername	externate	externale	externanos	not used	externales
	accusative	extername	externate	externalo, externala	externanos	not used	externalos, externalas
with formal second-person singular imperative externe	dative	extérneme	not used	extérnele, extérnese	extérnenos	not used	extérneles
	accusative	extérneme	not used	extérnelo, extérnela, extérnese	extérnenos	not used	extérnelos, extérnelas
with first-person plural imperative externemos	dative	not used	externémoste	externémosle	externémonos	externémoos	externémosles
	accusative	not used	externémoste	externémoslo, externémosla	externémonos	externémoos	externémoslos, externémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative externad	dative	externadme	not used	externadle	externadnos	externaos	externadles
	accusative	externadme	not used	externadlo, externadla	externadnos	externaos	externadlos, externadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative externen	dative	extérnenme	not used	extérnenle	extérnennos	not used	extérnenles, extérnense
	accusative	extérnenme	not used	extérnenlo, extérnenla	extérnennos	not used	extérnenlos, extérnenlas, extérnense

Further reading

• “externar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10