esgrimir

Catalan

Etymology

From Frankish, compare Spanish esgrimir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [əz.ɡɾiˈmi]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ez.ɣɾiˈmiɾ]

Verb

esgrimir (first-person singular present esgrimeixo, first-person singular preterite esgrimí, past participle esgrimit)

1. (transitive) to brandish (a weapon)
2. (figurative, transitive) to propose; to put forward (arguments)
   • 2021 April 14, Cristian Segura, “Ada Colau i Twitter: el risc d’unes xarxes socials massa personals”, in El País‎^[1]:

     Entre les raons que va esgrimir, la principal és l'agressivitat tan característica en la manera d'interactuar de molts usuaris d'aquesta xarxa social: “En els últims anys és sabut per tots que la xarxa s'ha omplert de perfils falsos i anònims que intoxiquen i inciten a l'odi”.

     Among the reasons he used, the main one is the aggressiveness so characteristic in the way many users of this social network interact: "In recent years it is known by all that the network has been filled with fake and anonymous profiles that intoxicate and incite hatred".

Conjugation

    Conjugation of esgrimir (third conjugation, with -eix-)

infinitive			esgrimir
gerund			esgrimint
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		esgrimit		esgrimida
		plural		esgrimits		esgrimides
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	esgrimeixo	esgrimeixes	esgrimeix	esgrimim	esgrimiu	esgrimeixen
	imperfect	esgrimia	esgrimies	esgrimia	esgrimíem	esgrimíeu	esgrimien
	future	esgrimiré	esgrimiràs	esgrimirà	esgrimirem	esgrimireu	esgrimiran
	preterite	esgrimí	esgrimires	esgrimí	esgrimírem	esgrimíreu	esgrimiren
	conditional	esgrimiria	esgrimiries	esgrimiria	esgrimiríem	esgrimiríeu	esgrimirien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	esgrimeixi	esgrimeixis	esgrimeixi	esgrimim	esgrimiu	esgrimeixin
	imperfect	esgrimís	esgrimissis	esgrimís	esgrimíssim	esgrimíssiu	esgrimissin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	esgrimeix	esgrimeixi	esgrimim	esgrimiu	esgrimeixin
	negative (no)	—	no esgrimeixis	no esgrimeixi	no esgrimim	no esgrimiu	no esgrimeixin

Derived terms

• esgrima
• esgrimidor

Further reading

• “esgrimir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “esgrimir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “esgrimir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

Portuguese

Etymology

From esgrima +‎ -ir.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /iz.ɡɾiˈmi(ʁ)/ [iz.ɡɾiˈmi(h)], /ez.ɡɾiˈmi(ʁ)/ [ez.ɡɾiˈmi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /iz.ɡɾiˈmi(ʁ)/ [iz.ɡɾiˈmi(h)], /ez.ɡɾiˈmi(ʁ)/ [ez.ɡɾiˈmi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /iz.ɡɾiˈmi(ɾ)/, /ez.ɡɾiˈmi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /iʒ.ɡɾiˈmi(ʁ)/ [iʒ.ɡɾiˈmi(χ)], /eʒ.ɡɾiˈmi(ʁ)/ [eʒ.ɡɾiˈmi(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ez.ɡɾiˈmi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʒ.ɡɾiˈmiɾ/ [(i)ʒ.ɣɾiˈmiɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʒ.ɡɾiˈmiɾ/ [(i)ʒ.ɣɾiˈmiɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʒ.ɡɾiˈmi.ɾi/ [(i)ʒ.ɣɾiˈmi.ɾi]

Verb

esgrimir (first-person singular present esgrimo, first-person singular preterite esgrimi, past participle esgrimido)

1. to fight with a bladed weapon
2. (transitive) to brandish (a weapon) threateningly
3. (sports, intransitive) to fence (to engage in the sport of fencing)
4. (figurative, transitive) to propose; to put forward (arguments)
   • 2016 December 3, João Pedro Pereira, “Negociações com Tesla envolvem centros de inovação tecnológica”, in Público‎^[2]:

     Houve também movimentos criados através das redes sociais para tentar promover a vinda da empresa para Portugal e alguns municípios já esgrimiram argumentos para acolher um eventual investimento americano.

     There were also movements created through social networks to try to promote the company's coming to Portugal and some municipalities have already made arguments to welcome a possible American investment.

5. (figurative, intransitive) to discuss

Conjugation

    Conjugation of esgrimir (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	esgrimir
Personal	esgrimir	esgrimires	esgrimir	esgrimirmos	esgrimirdes	esgrimirem
Gerund
	esgrimindo
Past participle
Masculine	esgrimido			esgrimidos
Feminine	esgrimida			esgrimidas
Indicative
Present	esgrimo	esgrimes	esgrime	esgrimimos	esgrimis	esgrimem
Imperfect	esgrimia	esgrimias	esgrimia	esgrimíamos	esgrimíeis	esgrimiam
Preterite	esgrimi	esgrimiste	esgrimiu	esgrimimos	esgrimistes	esgrimiram
Pluperfect	esgrimira	esgrimiras	esgrimira	esgrimíramos	esgrimíreis	esgrimiram
Future	esgrimirei	esgrimirás	esgrimirá	esgrimiremos	esgrimireis	esgrimirão
Conditional	esgrimiria	esgrimirias	esgrimiria	esgrimiríamos	esgrimiríeis	esgrimiriam
Subjunctive
Present	esgrima	esgrimas	esgrima	esgrimamos	esgrimais	esgrimam
Imperfect	esgrimisse	esgrimisses	esgrimisse	esgrimíssemos	esgrimísseis	esgrimissem
Future	esgrimir	esgrimires	esgrimir	esgrimirmos	esgrimirdes	esgrimirem
Imperative
Affirmative		esgrime	esgrima	esgrimamos	esgrimi	esgrimam
Negative (não)		não esgrimas	não esgrima	não esgrimamos	não esgrimais	não esgrimam

Further reading

• “esgrimir”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
• “esgrimir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Occitan escremir, from Frankish *skermjan, from Proto-Germanic *skirmjan. Compare English skirmish.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /esɡɾiˈmiɾ/ [ez.ɣ̞ɾiˈmiɾ]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: es‧gri‧mir

Verb

esgrimir (first-person singular present esgrimo, first-person singular preterite esgrimí, past participle esgrimido)

1. to brandish (a weapon)

   Synonym: blandir

2. (sports) to fence
3. (figurative) to use; to put forward (an argument)
   • 2022 April 20, Álvaro Sánchez, “Netflix se desmorona en Bolsa casi un 40% ahogada por la competencia y las contraseñas compartidas”, in El País‎^[3]:

     Precisamente la proliferación de plataformas es el otro gran motivo que esgrime Netflix para justificar su crisis.

     Precisely the proliferation of platforms is the other great reason that Netflix wields to justify its crisis.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of esgrimir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			esgrimir
gerund			esgrimiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		esgrimido		esgrimida
		plural		esgrimidos		esgrimidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	esgrimo	esgrimestú esgrimísvos	esgrime	esgrimimos	esgrimís	esgrimen
	imperfect	esgrimía	esgrimías	esgrimía	esgrimíamos	esgrimíais	esgrimían
	preterite	esgrimí	esgrimiste	esgrimió	esgrimimos	esgrimisteis	esgrimieron
	future	esgrimiré	esgrimirás	esgrimirá	esgrimiremos	esgrimiréis	esgrimirán
	conditional	esgrimiría	esgrimirías	esgrimiría	esgrimiríamos	esgrimiríais	esgrimirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	esgrima	esgrimastú esgrimásvos2	esgrima	esgrimamos	esgrimáis	esgriman
	imperfect (ra)	esgrimiera	esgrimieras	esgrimiera	esgrimiéramos	esgrimierais	esgrimieran
	imperfect (se)	esgrimiese	esgrimieses	esgrimiese	esgrimiésemos	esgrimieseis	esgrimiesen
	future1	esgrimiere	esgrimieres	esgrimiere	esgrimiéremos	esgrimiereis	esgrimieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		esgrimetú esgrimívos	esgrima	esgrimamos	esgrimid	esgriman
	negative		no esgrimas	no esgrima	no esgrimamos	no esgrimáis	no esgriman

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of esgrimir

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive esgrimir	dative	esgrimirme	esgrimirte	esgrimirle, esgrimirse	esgrimirnos	esgrimiros	esgrimirles, esgrimirse
	accusative	esgrimirme	esgrimirte	esgrimirlo, esgrimirla, esgrimirse	esgrimirnos	esgrimiros	esgrimirlos, esgrimirlas, esgrimirse
with gerund esgrimiendo	dative	esgrimiéndome	esgrimiéndote	esgrimiéndole, esgrimiéndose	esgrimiéndonos	esgrimiéndoos	esgrimiéndoles, esgrimiéndose
	accusative	esgrimiéndome	esgrimiéndote	esgrimiéndolo, esgrimiéndola, esgrimiéndose	esgrimiéndonos	esgrimiéndoos	esgrimiéndolos, esgrimiéndolas, esgrimiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative esgrime	dative	esgrímeme	esgrímete	esgrímele	esgrímenos	not used	esgrímeles
	accusative	esgrímeme	esgrímete	esgrímelo, esgrímela	esgrímenos	not used	esgrímelos, esgrímelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative esgrimí	dative	esgrimime	esgrimite	esgrimile	esgriminos	not used	esgrimiles
	accusative	esgrimime	esgrimite	esgrimilo, esgrimila	esgriminos	not used	esgrimilos, esgrimilas
with formal second-person singular imperative esgrima	dative	esgrímame	not used	esgrímale, esgrímase	esgrímanos	not used	esgrímales
	accusative	esgrímame	not used	esgrímalo, esgrímala, esgrímase	esgrímanos	not used	esgrímalos, esgrímalas
with first-person plural imperative esgrimamos	dative	not used	esgrimámoste	esgrimámosle	esgrimámonos	esgrimámoos	esgrimámosles
	accusative	not used	esgrimámoste	esgrimámoslo, esgrimámosla	esgrimámonos	esgrimámoos	esgrimámoslos, esgrimámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative esgrimid	dative	esgrimidme	not used	esgrimidle	esgrimidnos	esgrimíos	esgrimidles
	accusative	esgrimidme	not used	esgrimidlo, esgrimidla	esgrimidnos	esgrimíos	esgrimidlos, esgrimidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative esgriman	dative	esgrímanme	not used	esgrímanle	esgrímannos	not used	esgrímanles, esgrímanse
	accusative	esgrímanme	not used	esgrímanlo, esgrímanla	esgrímannos	not used	esgrímanlos, esgrímanlas, esgrímanse

Derived terms

• esgrimidor
• esgrimista

Related terms

• escaramuza
• esgrima

Further reading

• “esgrimir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10