erbaid

Old Irish

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Celtic *erbyeti or *erbeti (“to entrust”). Cognate with Old Irish orb (“heir”), Latin orbus (“bereft, parentless”), Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós, “orphan”), Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌾𐌰 (arbja, “inheritance”), if the root of these words is Proto-Indo-European *h₁erbʰ- (“to bequeath”) rather than *h₃erbʰ- as traditionally reconstructed.^[1]^[2] However, the latter reconstruction can be retained if Pedersen is correct that the Old Irish verb comes not from Proto-Celtic *erbyeti but rather from *ɸare-orbyeti, with reinterpretation of the expected prototonic *·air’rbai as a simple conjunct ·erbai with new absolute forms built to it.^[3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈerbəðʲ/, [ˈerbɨðʲ]

Verb

erbaid (conjunct ·erbai, verbal noun erbud)

to entrust (with do or fri + the people entrusted)
Synonyms: ad·noí, do·imnai, léicid
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10^b27
  is hed ro·erpad dom dom thoschid
  This is what was entrusted to me for my sustenance.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 25^d20
  ro·creitsid-si a forcell forro·gelsam-ni dúib di laithiu brátho ɫ. ro·erbad dún-ni forcell do·thabirt díb-si i llaithiu bratho
  You have believed the testimony that we have testified unto you of Doomsday, or, we were entrusted to bear testimony of you on Doomsday.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 8^c12
  amal as friss ro·airptha
  as they have been entrusted to them
- c. 700–800 Táin Bó Cúailnge, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, published in The Táin Bó Cúailnge from the Yellow Book of Lecan, with variant readings from the Lebor na hUidre (1912, Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, and Co.), edited by John Strachan and James George O'Keeffe, TBC-I 2865
  Is and-sin iarum erpais in leig togu dó, imbad buith fora huthar co cend mbliadna ⁊ beathu dó iarum, fa nert trí lá ⁊ trí n-aidchi fochétóir do imbirt fora náimdib.
  It is hereafter that [Fingin] the physician gave him [Cethern] a choice: a year-long illness after which [Cethern] can get help, or strength (effective immediately) for three days and three nights to use on his enemies.
to trust
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51^b10
  In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.
  When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51^b12
  ní ind ḟessin eirbthi, ⁊ nách dó du·aisilbi na nní do·gní, acht is do Dia
  it is not in himself that he trusts, and it is not to himself that he ascribes whatever he does, but it is to God

Inflection

Simple, class A II present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Abs.			erbaid; eirbthi (with suffixed pronoun -i)
	Conj.	·érpimm	·erpi	·erbai		·erbat
	Rel.

Imperfect indicative						·erbtis, ·erbtais

Preterite	Abs.			erpais
	Conj.					·eirpset	·erbad	·airptha
	Rel.

Perfect	Deut.					ro·eirpset	ro·erbad	ro·airptha
Perfect	Prot.			·rerb, ·reirb, ·rerp

Future	Abs.
	Conj.			·eirbea, ·erba
	Rel.

Conditional

Present subjunctive	Abs.
	Conj.				·irpaid
	Rel.						erpther

Past subjunctive		·erbainn

Imperative					erpid

Verbal noun		erbud
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Derived terms

con·erbai

Descendants

Irish: earb
Scottish Gaelic: earb

Mutation

Mutation of *erbaid*
radical	lenition	nasalization
erbaid (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-erbaid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “Urkelt. ?*erb-(i̯)e/o - ‘?anvertrauen, ?hinterlassen’”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 292-94
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*erb-(y)o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 117
^ Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 513–14