ὀρφανός

See also: ορφανός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”), from *h₃erbʰ- (“to change ownership”). Cognate with Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha, “small”), Old Armenian որբ (orb, “orphan”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /or.pʰa.nós/ → /or.ɸaˈnos/ → /or.faˈnos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /or.pʰa.nós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /or.pʰaˈnos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /or.ɸaˈnos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /or.faˈnos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /or.faˈnos/

Adjective

ὀρφᾰνός • (orphănós) m (feminine ὀρφᾰνή, neuter ὀρφᾰνόν); first/second declension

1. left orphan, without parents
2. childless
3. destitute, bereft
   • Κατά Ἰωάννην 14:18

     Οὐκ ἀφήσω ὑμᾶς ὀρφανούς· ἔρχομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς.

     "I will not leave you destitute; I will come for you."

Inflection

In some writings, the adjective is declined -ός, -όν.

First and second declension of ὀρφᾰνός; ὀρφᾰνή; ὀρφᾰνόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ὀρφᾰνός orphănós	ὀρφᾰνή orphănḗ	ὀρφᾰνόν orphănón		ὀρφᾰνώ orphănṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphănā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphănṓ		ὀρφᾰνοί orphănoí	ὀρφᾰναί orphănaí	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphănắ
Genitive		ὀρφᾰνοῦ orphănoû	ὀρφᾰνῆς orphănês	ὀρφᾰνοῦ orphănoû		ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphănoîn	ὀρφᾰναῖν orphănaîn	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphănoîn		ὀρφᾰνῶν orphănôn	ὀρφᾰνῶν orphănôn	ὀρφᾰνῶν orphănôn
Dative		ὀρφᾰνῷ orphănôi	ὀρφᾰνῇ orphănêi	ὀρφᾰνῷ orphănôi		ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphănoîn	ὀρφᾰναῖν orphănaîn	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphănoîn		ὀρφᾰνοῖς orphănoîs	ὀρφᾰναῖς orphănaîs	ὀρφᾰνοῖς orphănoîs
Accusative		ὀρφᾰνόν orphănón	ὀρφᾰνήν orphănḗn	ὀρφᾰνόν orphănón		ὀρφᾰνώ orphănṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphănā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphănṓ		ὀρφᾰνούς orphănoús	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ς orphănā́s	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphănắ
Vocative		ὀρφᾰνέ orphăné	ὀρφᾰνή orphănḗ	ὀρφᾰνόν orphănón		ὀρφᾰνώ orphănṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphănā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphănṓ		ὀρφᾰνοί orphănoí	ὀρφᾰναί orphănaí	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphănắ
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ὀρφᾰνῶς orphănôs				ὀρφᾰνώτερος orphănṓteros				ὀρφᾰνώτᾰτος orphănṓtătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ὀρφανία (orphanía)
• ὀρφανίζω (orphanízō)
• ὀρφανιστής (orphanistḗs)
• ὀρφᾰνοφῠ́λᾰξ (orphănophŭ́lăx)

Descendants

• → Coptic: ⲟⲣⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ (orphanos)
• → Greek: ορφανός (orfanós)
• → Latin: orphanus, orfanus
  • → Albanian: varfër, vorfën
  • Aromanian: oarfãn, oarfãnu, orfãn
  • Asturian: güérfanu
  • Catalan: orfe
  • → English: orphan
  • Esperanto: orfo
  • Old French: orfene
    • ⇒ Old French: orfenin
      • French: orphelin
  • Friulian: vuarfin
  • Galician: orfo
  • Italian: orfano
  • Leonese: güerfano, guérfanu
  • Mirandese: uorfano
  • Occitan: òrfe, orfanèl
  • Portuguese: órfão
  • Romanian: orfan, oarfăn
  • Sardinian: òlfanu, òrfanu
  • Spanish: huérfano

Further reading

• “ὀρφανός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὀρφανός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὀρφανός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὀρφανός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ὀρφανός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὀρφανός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G3737 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• ὀρφανός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • bereft idem, page 74.
  • orphan idem, page 580.
  • orphaned idem, page 580.