elda

Icelandic

Etymology

From eldur (“fire”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛlta/

  Rhymes: -ɛlta

Verb

elda (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative eldaði, supine eldað)

1. to cook [intransitive or with accusative]
2. to dawn

Conjugation

elda – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að elda
supine sagnbót		eldað
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		eldandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	elda	eldaði		eldi	eldaði
	þú	eldar	eldaðir		eldir	eldaðir
	hann, hún, það	eldar	eldaði		eldi	eldaði
plural	við	eldum	elduðum		eldum	elduðum
	þið	eldið	elduðuð		eldið	elduðuð
	þeir, þær, þau	elda	elduðu		eldi	elduðu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	elda (þú), eldaðu
plural	þið	eldið (þið), eldiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

eldast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að eldast
supine sagnbót		eldast
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		eldandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	eldast	eldaðist		eldist	eldaðist
	þú	eldast	eldaðist		eldist	eldaðist
	hann, hún, það	eldast	eldaðist		eldist	eldaðist
plural	við	eldumst	elduðumst		eldumst	elduðumst
	þið	eldist	elduðust		eldist	elduðust
	þeir, þær, þau	eldast	elduðust		eldist	elduðust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	eldast (þú), eldastu
plural	þið	eldist (þið), eldisti1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

eldaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	eldaður	elduð	eldað	eldaðir	eldaðar	elduð
accusative (þolfall)	eldaðan	eldaða	eldað	eldaða	eldaðar	elduð
dative (þágufall)	elduðum	eldaðri	elduðu	elduðum	elduðum	elduðum
genitive (eignarfall)	eldaðs	eldaðrar	eldaðs	eldaðra	eldaðra	eldaðra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	eldaði	eldaða	eldaða	elduðu	elduðu	elduðu
accusative (þolfall)	eldaða	elduðu	eldaða	elduðu	elduðu	elduðu
dative (þágufall)	eldaða	elduðu	eldaða	elduðu	elduðu	elduðu
genitive (eignarfall)	eldaða	elduðu	eldaða	elduðu	elduðu	elduðu

Derived terms

• elda grátt silfur (“to be at loggerheads”)
• elda ofan í (“to cook for someone”)

Jamaican Creole

Etymology

Derived from English elder.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /elda/

Noun

elda (plural elda dem, quantified elda)

1. elder
   • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, 3 Jan 1:1:

     Da leta ya a kom fram mi, di elda — tu mi speshal fren, Gaiyos. Mi fren, mi riili riili lov yu.

     This letter comes from the elder to Gaius, my dear friend, whom I love in the truth.

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• eldet

Verb

elda

1. inflection of elde:
   1. simple past
   2. past participle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse elda (“to make old”).

Alternative forms

• elde (e and split infinitives)

Verb

elda (passive eldast, present tense elder, past tense elde, supine eldt, imperative eld, past participle eld, present participle eldande)

1. (transitive) to make old, have look old

Related terms

• alder
• gamal, gammal, eldre, eldst

Etymology 2

From Old Norse elda (“to kindle, fire up”).

Alternative forms

• elde (e and split infinitives)

Verb

elda (present tense eldar, past tense elda, past participle elda, passive infinitive eldast, present participle eldande, imperative elda/eld)

1. (transitive) to kindle (a fire)

   kunne du elde opp i omnen?

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (transitive) to heat up
3. (transitive, figurative, by extension) to egg on, provoke, encourage, motivate

   han elda opp krigarane

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

4. (transitive, metallurgy) to keep (i.e. a metal) inside a fire
5. (intransitive) to emit sparks, glow
6. (intransitive) to experience a burning, stinging pain

   eg eldar i halsen

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   det eldar for brystet

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

elda f

1. definite singular of elde
2. definite singular of elde

Noun

elda n

1. definite plural of elde

References

• “elda” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• adel, adle, alde, dale, dela, edla, lade, leda

Old Norse

Etymology 1

Related to ellri and ellztr. Goes back to the Proto-Germanic adjective *aldaz, whence modern English old and German alt.

Verb

elda

1. (transitive) to cause to be or appear old

Conjugation

Conjugation of elda — active (weak class 1)

infinitive	elda
present participle	eldandi
past participle	eldr
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	eldi	elda		elda	elda
2nd person singular	eldir	eldir		eldir	eldir
3rd person singular	eldir	eldi		eldi	eldi
1st person plural	eldum	eldum		eldim	eldim
2nd person plural	eldið	elduð		eldið	eldið
3rd person plural	elda	eldu		eldi	eldi
imperative	present
2nd person singular	eld, eldi
1st person plural	eldum
2nd person plural	eldið

Conjugation of elda — mediopassive (weak class 1)

infinitive	eldask
present participle	eldandisk
past participle	elzk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	eldumk	eldumk		eldumk	eldumk
2nd person singular	eldisk	eldisk		eldisk	eldisk
3rd person singular	eldisk	eldisk		eldisk	eldisk
1st person plural	eldumsk	eldumsk		eldimsk	eldimsk
2nd person plural	eldizk	elduzk		eldizk	eldizk
3rd person plural	eldask	eldusk		eldisk	eldisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	elzk, eldisk
1st person plural	eldumsk
2nd person plural	eldizk

Descendants

• Norwegian Nynorsk: elda, elde (e and split infinitives)
• Norwegian Bokmål: elde
• Danish: ælde

Etymology 2

From eldr (“fire”).

Verb

elda

1. to light, kindle a fire
2. to kindle, light, set fire to [with accusative]
3. (transitive) to heat, warm

Conjugation

Conjugation of elda — active (weak class 1)

infinitive	elda
present participle	eldandi
past participle	eldr
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	eldi	elda		elda	elda
2nd person singular	eldir	eldir		eldir	eldir
3rd person singular	eldir	eldi		eldi	eldi
1st person plural	eldum	eldum		eldim	eldim
2nd person plural	eldið	elduð		eldið	eldið
3rd person plural	elda	eldu		eldi	eldi
imperative	present
2nd person singular	eld, eldi
1st person plural	eldum
2nd person plural	eldið

Conjugation of elda — mediopassive (weak class 1)

infinitive	eldask
present participle	eldandisk
past participle	elzk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	eldumk	eldumk		eldumk	eldumk
2nd person singular	eldisk	eldisk		eldisk	eldisk
3rd person singular	eldisk	eldisk		eldisk	eldisk
1st person plural	eldumsk	eldumsk		eldimsk	eldimsk
2nd person plural	eldizk	elduzk		eldizk	eldizk
3rd person plural	eldask	eldusk		eldisk	eldisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	elzk, eldisk
1st person plural	eldumsk
2nd person plural	eldizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: elda
• Norwegian Nynorsk: elda, elde (e and split infinitives)
• Swedish: elda

Noun

elda

1. indefinite genitive plural of eldr

Further reading

• J.Fritzners ordbok over Det gamle norske sprog, dvs. norrøn ordbok ("J.Fritnzer's dictionary of the old Norwegian language, i.e. Old Norse dictionary"), on elda.
• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “elda”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse elda.

Verb

elda

1. to light, kindle a fire
2. (transitive, with accusative) to kindle, light, set fire to
3. (transitive) to heat, warm

Conjugation

Conjugation of elda (weak)

	present				past
infinitive	elda				—
participle	eldandi, eldande				elder
active voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
iæk	eldir	eldi, elde	—		eldi, elde	eldi, elde
þū	eldir	eldi, elde	eld		eldi, elde	eldi, elde
han	eldir	eldi, elde	—		eldi, elde	eldi, elde
vīr	eldum, eldom	eldum, eldom	eldum, eldom		eldum, eldom	eldum, eldom
īr	eldin	eldin	eldin		eldin	eldin
þēr	elda	eldin	—		eldu, eldo	eldin
mediopassive voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
iæk	eldis	eldis, eldes	—		eldis, eldes	eldis, eldes
þū	eldis	eldis, eldes	—		eldis, eldes	eldis, eldes
han	eldis	eldis, eldes	—		eldis, eldes	eldis, eldes
vīr	eldums, eldoms	eldums, eldoms	—		eldums, eldoms	eldums, eldoms
īr	eldins	eldins	—		eldins	eldins
þēr	eldas	eldins	—		eldus, eldos	eldins

Descendants

• Swedish: elda

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish elda or eld (“fire”) +‎ -a.

Verb

elda (present eldar, preterite eldade, supine eldat, imperative elda)

1. (intransitive) to start a fire
2. (intransitive) to keep a fire burning

   Vi eldar i öppna spisen

   We have a fire going in the fireplace

3. (transitive) to burn (as fuel)

   Vi eldar björk i öppna spisen

   We burn birchwood in the fireplace

   Vi eldar olja

   We burn oil

Conjugation

Conjugation of elda (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	elda		eldas
supine	eldat		eldats
imperative	elda		—
imper. plural1	elden		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	eldar	eldade	eldas	eldades
ind. plural1	elda	eldade	eldas	eldades
subjunctive2	elde	eldade	eldes	eldades
present participle		eldande
past participle		eldad

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Derived terms

• elda för kråkorna
• eldare
• eldbar
• eldning
• uppelda
• vedelda